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BASI PILATES: MAT WORK THEORY - MODULE 1 &
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
"Define distal: - CORRECT ANSWER Refers to something or a position relatively further away from the
torso. Almost always used when referring to parts or places on the limbs."
"Define proximal: - CORRECT ANSWER Refers to something or a position relatively closer to the torso.
Almost always used when referring to parts or places on the limbs."
"Define medial: - CORRECT ANSWER It refers to being toward the mid-line of the body or the median
(mid-sagittal) plane, which splits the body, head-to-toe, into two halves, the left and right."
"Define lateral: - CORRECT ANSWER It is the side of the body or a part of the body that is further away
from the mid-line."
"Define ipsilateral: - CORRECT ANSWER Refers to things on the same side of the body (Right arm, right
leg)."
"Define contralateral: - CORRECT ANSWER Refers to things on opposite sides of the mid-sagittal plane
(Right arm, left leg)."
"Define superior: - CORRECT ANSWER This refers to the vertical axis of the human body. This describes
a part of the body that is HIGHER than another."
"Define inferior: - CORRECT ANSWER This refers to the vertical axis of the human body. This describes
a part of the body that is LOWER than another."
"What is contrology? - CORRECT ANSWER It is a system that focuses on developing the body through
exercises that emphasize a mind-body connection."
"What are the ten principles? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Awareness (All)
- Balance (Bad)
- Bitches (Brazillians)
- Concentration (Can't)
- Control (Control)
- Centre (Cussing)
- Efficiency (Even)
- Flow (For)
- Precision (Prince)
- Harmony (Harry)"
"What are the 3 structures of joints? - CORRECT ANSWER Fibrous (immovable), Cartilaginous (slightly
movable), and Synovial (freely movable)."
"Give an example of where you can find a fibrous joint: - CORRECT ANSWER The skull."
"Give an example of where you can find a cartilaginous joint: - CORRECT ANSWER Sacroiliac (the joint
between the sacrum and ilium in the lower back)."
"Define and give an example of a Gliding (plane) Joint: - CORRECT ANSWER These occur between the
surfaces of two flat bones that are held together by ligaments. Examples of these are the bones of the shoulder girdle (clavicle-scapula), the joints between your intervertabral discs, and some of the bones in your wrists and ankles."
"Give an example of a Spheroid Joint - CORRECT ANSWER A.K.A.Ball & Socket Joint: hip and shoulder"
"Give an example of a Ginglymus Joint. - CORRECT ANSWER Hinge joints, they are located at your
knee, elbow and knuckles of your fingers (interphalangeal a.k.a. I.P. joints), enable movement similar to the opening and closing of a hinged door."
"Give an example of a Trochoid Joint. - CORRECT ANSWER Pivot (or Rotary) Joint (atlas-axis), this joint
is in your neck which allows you to turn your head from side to side (rotation)."
"Give an example of a Condyloid (or Ellipsoidal) Joint. - CORRECT ANSWER Radius-carpal (wrists),
metacarpal-phalangeal (base of the fingers), and toes."
"Give an example of a Saddle Joint - CORRECT ANSWER There is only one area of the body that this
joint occurs, and that is in your thumbs (carpal-metacarpal). The bones in it can rock back and forth and from side to side, but they have limited rotation."
"What are the benefits of working in a neutral position? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. It encourages
balanced muscular development of the pelvic complex and correct muscle recruitment.
- Using it teaches efficient posture and ideal alignment, particularly important when standing, and reinforces functional and positive movement patterns."
"What are the muscle groups of the pelvic complex? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Spinal Flexors
- Spinal Extensors
- Spinal Rotators
- Lateral Flexors
- Pelvic Floor
- Hip Flexors
- Hip Extensors
"Define the anatomical position: - CORRECT ANSWER Frontal (and/or ventral) view of the body with
arms at side, thumb and fingers extended, palms facing forward."
"Define Sagittal plane: - CORRECT ANSWER This plane divides the body into left and right, movement
occurs in the Coronal axis such as flexion and extension."
"Define Mid-sagittal. - CORRECT ANSWER This is the mid-line of the body and which divides the body,
head-to-toe, into two equal halves, the left and right."
"Define Coronal plane. - CORRECT ANSWER Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back),
movement occurs in on the Sagittal axis, such as adduction and abduction."
"Define Transverse plane. - CORRECT ANSWER Divides the body into lower and upper and the
movement is around the longitudinal axis. Spinal rotation occurs in this plane."
"Define Sagittal axis/Anteroposterior (A-P). - CORRECT ANSWER Extends from front to back,
abduction-adduction occurs around it."
"Define Coronal axis/Mediolateral (M-L). - CORRECT ANSWER Extends from side to side. Flexion and
extension occurs around it."
"Define Longitudinal/Vertical Axis. - CORRECT ANSWER Top to bottom. Medial-lateral rotation occurs
around it."
"Define the flexion range of motion. - CORRECT ANSWER Describes a bending movement that
decreases the angle between a segment and its proximal segment. When a joint can move forward and backward, such as the neck and trunk, it refers to movement in the anterior direction. Movement of the shoulder or hip refers to movement of the arm or leg forward."
"Define the extension range of motion. - CORRECT ANSWER A movement that increases the angle
between itself and the proximal body part. When a joint can move forward and backward, such as the neck and trunk, it refers to movement in the posterior direction. Movement of the hip or shoulder joint are referring to the leg or arm moving backwards."
"Define neutral pelvis: - CORRECT ANSWER The position of the pelvis when the anterior superior iliac
spine (ASIS) on each side of the pelvis and the pubic symphysis (PS) are on the same horizontal plane (coronal when erect) and the two ASIS are on the same transverse plane."
"(Lying supine) Define anterior tilt of the pelvis. - CORRECT ANSWER When the ASIS are higher than
the PS."
"(Lying supine) Define posterior tilt of the pelvis. - CORRECT ANSWER When the PS is higher than the
ASIS (tuck position)."
"Define hyperextension. - CORRECT ANSWER Excessive movement/position in the direction of
extension. Eg. knees, elbows, lumbar and cervical curvatures of the spine."
"Define the abduction range of motion. - CORRECT ANSWER Movement away from the mid-sagittal
plane."
"Define the adduction range of motion. - CORRECT ANSWER Movement towards the mid-sagittal
plane."
"Define the lateral flexion range of motion. - CORRECT ANSWER Movement of the head, neck, and
trunk in the coronal plane, or the sagittal axis."
"Define the multi-directional or gliding range of motion. - CORRECT ANSWER Flat or curved surfaces
articulating one another (eg. scapulae)."
"Define the circumduction range of motion. - CORRECT ANSWER This is a combination of flexion,
abduction, extension and adduction."
"Define the rotation range of motion. - CORRECT ANSWER Takes place in the transverse plane around
the longitudinal axis."
"Define the tilt ranges of motion. - CORRECT ANSWER Anterior, posterior and lateral (equates to
lateral flexion)"
"What is imagery? - CORRECT ANSWER It is a tool often used in teaching Pilates, comparing
movements and positions to real life things to get a better understanding and/or mental picture."
"Why do we use imagery? - CORRECT ANSWER It assists in achieving certain goals by creating images
that the client can relate to, and which can contain a large quantity of information."
"How should imagery be used? - CORRECT ANSWER It should be used sensitively and with insight, to
avoid misunderstandings and break-downs in communication."
"What is imprinting? - CORRECT ANSWER It is a way of using the image of an imprint of the body or
body parts into the ground (mat) to bring about certain physical results."
