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Awareness: Ethic Questions, Exercises of Ethics

Practice Sheet 1 with Solution manual.

Typology: Exercises

2021/2022

Uploaded on 02/24/2022

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Teaching Background
Students learn the characteristics of ethical questions through
structured examples. Three ‘practice sheets’ allow students to first
clarify how an ethical question differs from other questions, then
to identify ethical questions among other types of questions in a
particular context, and lastly how to ask ethical questions that apply
to a specific situation.
Ethical questions involve or imply the words ‘ought’ or
‘should’. They involve consideration of conflicting moral
choices and dilemmas, with several alternative solutions, none
of which is without some challenging or problematic aspect.
They arise because of our social responsibilities to others in our
community and because our behavior is capable of influencing
the welfare of others. Conflicts among principles and values
held by different individuals or groups generate such questions.
Student Handouts: Ethical Question Practice Sheets.
1. Overview - Questions: Background Characteristics
2. Ethical Questions #1: Distinguishing Ethical Questions from
Other Kinds of Questions
3. Ethical Questions #2: Distinguishing Ethical Questions
Within a Scenario
4. Ethical Questions #3: Asking Ethical Questions
Introduce different types of questions (Scientific, Religious/Cultural,
Legal, or Ethical) by having students brainstorm what the defining
characteristics of each are. Remind them that questions may be of
more than one type, and that other types of questions also exist.
Lead them through discussion to the characteristics described on
the Overview sheet. The Overview may be a helpful resource to them
when they are completing the Practice Sheets.
Note that the sheets are intended to encourage discussion, and there
are not always necessarily ‘right’ answers, but there are answers that
are better-reasoned than others.
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Teaching Background

Students learn the characteristics of ethical questions through

structured examples. Three ‘practice sheets’ allow students to first

clarify how an ethical question differs from other questions, then

to identify ethical questions among other types of questions in a

particular context, and lastly how to ask ethical questions that apply

to a specific situation.

Ethical questions involve or imply the words ‘ought’ or

‘should’. They involve consideration of conflicting moral

choices and dilemmas, with several alternative solutions, none

of which is without some challenging or problematic aspect.

They arise because of our social responsibilities to others in our

community and because our behavior is capable of influencing

the welfare of others. Conflicts among principles and values

held by different individuals or groups generate such questions.

Student Handouts: Ethical Question Practice Sheets.

1. Overview - Questions: Background Characteristics

2. Ethical Questions #1: Distinguishing Ethical Questions from

Other Kinds of Questions

3. Ethical Questions #2: Distinguishing Ethical Questions

Within a Scenario

4. Ethical Questions #3: Asking Ethical Questions

Introduce different types of questions (Scientific, Religious/Cultural,

Legal, or Ethical) by having students brainstorm what the defining

characteristics of each are. Remind them that questions may be of

more than one type, and that other types of questions also exist.

Lead them through discussion to the characteristics described on

the Overview sheet. The Overview may be a helpful resource to them

when they are completing the Practice Sheets.

Note that the sheets are intended to encourage discussion, and there

are not always necessarily ‘right’ answers, but there are answers that

are better-reasoned than others.

Question Characteristics

Scientific

  • Asks testable questions about the natural world.
  • Can be explored through scientific inquiry and observation.
  • Relies on empirical and measurable evidence. Example: How does a kidney function in the body?

Religious/Cultural

  • Asks us what would be in line with a particular religious belief or practice, or the common practices of a particular culture. Example: What does my religion or culture say about whether it is acceptable to donate a kidney?

Legal

  • Asks us what the law says about a particular issue.
  • Ethics may inform the law, but sometimes laws are unethical and sometimes the ethically right thing to do may be illegal. Example: Is it legal to sell kidneys in the United States?

Ethical

  • Ask us what the ‘right’ thing to do is – what we ‘should’ or ‘ought’ to do – in the face of a moral dilemma.
  • Often arises out of a conflict in values among individuals or groups.
  • Requires moral reflection (making evaluations and judgments about responsibilities, rights, duties, values, and principles). Example: Should individuals who donate kidneys be allowed to choose who their organs should go to?

Teaching Background

Practice Sheet

Question Ethical, Religious/ Cultural, Legal, Other Reason Under what conditions should people be kept artificially alive? Ethical, Religious Can be answered by moral reflection related to what it means to be ‘person’ and who should have responsibility for someone else’s life. Can also be influenced by religious beliefs. What type of diet allows for the best athletic performance? Scientific Can be answered by scientific analysis and testing. Is killing someone always illegal? Legal Can be answered by examining the law. Is killing a murderer justified? Ethical Asks us to consider what is fair when a life has been taken by another. What is the most appropriate way to worship? Religious Depends on religious and/ or spiritual views. Should people be able to select the sex of their child in advance? Ethical Asks us to consider how much control we should have over natural biological processes. How can a child’s sex be determined in advance of their birth? Scientific Asks us about a technical process for determining the sex of a child. How should we decide who receives organ transplants? Ethical Can be answered by considering the value we place on the lives of different individuals, as well as considering what is fair. At what age should people marry? Religious/Cultural Asks about cultural conventions. Religious teachings may also have bearing on the question. Are same-sex marriages constitutional? Legal Asks us about whether a practice is legal according to our constitution. What ice cream flavor should I buy? Other This question is a matter of personal preference even though the word ‘should’ is present.

Possible Answers

NAME __________________________________________________________ Date_________ Period_______ Student Handout (Scientific, Religious, Cultural, Legal, Ethical, Other) Example: You are driving over the speed limit because you need to take someone to the hospital who is in need of urgent care.

  1. How fast over the speed limit can you legally go?
  2. How fast do people usually drive over the speed limit?
  3. Is it acceptable to risk harming others in order to benefit one who is clearly in need? 1. Legal 2. Cultural 3. Ethical Your brother/sister is very ill and needs medication you cannot afford, so you steal it.

Your friend wants you to try performance- enhancing drugs.

You apply for a job and the employer requests access to your health records, including genetic tests you may have had.

NAME __________________________________________________________ Date_________ Period_______ Student Handout Ethical Questions that Arise from the Scenario Your classmate asks to see your homework because they didn’t finish theirs. (^) Should you or should you not let them? Is it fair to the others in the class? What harm can it cause to you or others? Your classmate asks to see your homework because they didn’t finish theirs. They were in the hospital all night with their sick mother. Your classmate asks to see your homework because they didn’t finish theirs. You have previously asked them for their work and you two are friends. You need to decide whether to kill one person to save the lives of many people.

Practice Sheet #3:

Ethical Questions that Arise from the Scenario

For each scenario, identify one or more ethical questions.

Teaching Background

Practice Sheet #3:

Ethical Questions that Arise from the Scenario

For each scenario, identify one or more ethical questions.

Ethical Questions that Arise from the Scenario Your classmate asks to see your homework because they didn’t finish theirs. (^) Should you or should you not let them? Is it fair to the others in the class? What harm can it cause to you or others? Your classmate asks to see your homework because they didn’t finish theirs. They were in the hospital all night with their sick mother. Is it fair to let someone copy your homework, even if they have had difficult personal circumstances? Your classmate asks to see your homework because they didn’t finish theirs. You have previously asked them for their work and you two are friends. Should you let someone copy your homework if you have asked for theirs? What are your duties to your friend? You need to decide whether to kill one person to save the lives of many people. Is it ever right to kill someone? Does it matter that you will save many lives if you kill one?

Possible Answers