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A comprehensive overview of various aspects of aviation weather, including the composition and layers of the atmosphere, the processes of sublimation, evaporation, condensation, melting, and freezing, the concepts of saturation, humidity, and dew point temperature, the movement and causes of atmospheric motion, the different types of air masses and fronts, cloud types and altitudes, fog formation, wind shear, clear air turbulence, temperature inversions, and the stages of a thunderstorm. The study guide covers a wide range of topics relevant to understanding and predicting weather conditions in the aviation industry, making it a valuable resource for pilots, air traffic controllers, and other aviation professionals.
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Atmosphere ✔✔Complex mixture of molecules and atoms
Gaseous Makeup of the Atmosphere ✔✔Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Carbon Dioxide
Different Layers of the Atmosphere ✔✔Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
Sublimation ✔✔Solid to gas/vapor
Gas/vapor to solid
Evaporation ✔✔Liquid to gas/vapor
Condensation ✔✔Gas/vapor to liquid
Any precipitation
Melting ✔✔Solid to liquid
Freezing ✔✔Liquid to solid
Saturation ✔✔The amount of water the atmosphere can hold
Humidity ✔✔The measure of water in the atmosphere
Dew Point Temperature ✔✔The temperature at which the air would need to be cooled to become completely saturated
Air That Can Hold More Water ✔✔Higher temperature
Lower pressure
Air That Can Hold Less Water ✔✔Lower temperature
Higher pressure
Condensation Nuclei ✔✔Serves as a surface for condensation of water vapor
Where does wind come from? ✔✔The equator and the poles
Why is it windy? ✔✔Air getting heated, cooler air forces warmer air up, cooler air takes warmer air's place, warmer air is cooled and falls
Coriolis Effect ✔✔Air is deflected to the Earth's rotation
Pressure Gradient ✔✔Isobaric lines, each line is a measure of pressure, closer together means greater change, wind flows parallel to lines
High Pressure ✔✔Diverge
Clockwise
Low Pressure ✔✔Converge
Counter-clockwise
Land Breeze ✔✔Night
Land to water
Land - cooler
Water - warmer
Sea Breeze ✔✔Day
Water to land
Water - cooler
Land - warmer
Six Air Masses ✔✔Continental - Arctic, Tropical, & Pacific
Maritime - Tropical, Pacific, & Equatorial
Fronts ✔✔A boundary between the air masses of different characteristics
Cold Front ✔✔High pressure, cold air overtaking warmer air, cold front is steeper in altitude, indicted by a change in wind & temp
Line of storms in front or on front, low pressure cell
Advection - is formed when wind blows moist air over a cold surface
Evaporation - cold air over warm water
Upslope - wind carries moist air up a mountain slope
Wind Shear ✔✔Sudden, drastic shift in wind speed and/ or direction
Clear Air Turbulence ✔✔Above 15,000 MSL, no visual warning (jet streams)
Temperature Inversion ✔✔Temperature increases as altitude increases
Lapse Rate ✔✔3 degrees/1000 ft
Stages of a Thunderstorm ✔✔Cumulus - building phase, no precipitation, 15+ minutes, updrafts
Mature - updrafts can't keep precipitation up anymore, rain/snow/hail, tornadoes, updrafts and downdrafts; temp drop, strong winds, high pressure
Dissipation - downdrafts, storm runs out of fuel
