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Understanding the Cardiovascular System: Anatomy, Functions, and Common Issues, Slides of Cardiology

Explore the intricacies of the cardiovascular system, including the structure of the heart with its chambers, valves, and blood flow. Learn about common issues such as heart valve diseases, heart murmurs, and high blood pressure. Discover the role of pacemakers and their impact on patients' lives.

Typology: Slides

2011/2012

Uploaded on 10/19/2012

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The Cardiovascular System
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Download Understanding the Cardiovascular System: Anatomy, Functions, and Common Issues and more Slides Cardiology in PDF only on Docsity!

The Cardiovascular System

Atria

  • heart is made up of four chambers
  • two chambers on each side of the heart, one on the bottom and one on the top
  • two chambers on top are called the atria (atrium).
  • left atrium and a right atrium.
  • atria fill with blood returning to the heart from the body and lungs.

The Heart

  • The atria and ventricles work together.
  • The atria fill with blood, and pump it into the ventricles.
  • The ventricles then squeeze, pumping blood out of the heart.
  • The atria refill and prepare for the next contraction while the ventricles are squeezing.
  • blood relies on four special valves inside the heart
  • valves lets something in and keep it there by closing
  • Example: Think of walking through a door. The door shuts behind you and keeps you from going backward.

Valves

The Heart

Visuals

Pig Heart Enlarged Heart

Human Heart

Anatomy of a Heart

What it does

 The heart has four chambers

 The upper two are the right and left atria

 The lower two are the right and left ventricles

 Blood is pumped through the chambers, aided by four heart valves

 The valves open and close to let the blood flow in only one direction

The four heart valves

 The tricuspid valve

 The pulmonary or pulmonic valve

 The mitral valve

 The aortic valve

Problems

 Heart valves don’t always work as they should.

 A person can be born with an abnormal heart valve.

 A valve can also become damaged by:

 Infections

 Rheumatic fever

 Changes in valve structure

Can you fix it?

 To fix a defective heart valve you have to have surgery.  A number of durable and highly efficient artificial valves have been developed from animal parts, plastic, and metal.  There are also newer surgical techniques to reconstruct defective heart valves.  Physician scientists at Columbia are currently investigating the potential of a non-invasive procedure for mitral valve repair procedure known as Evalve.

Effects of heart valve disease

 Valves that don’t shut properly cause the regurgitation of blood back across the valve in the wrong direction.

 Valves that won’t open properly is known as stenosis of the valve, which means that blood flow through the valve is limited.

Heart

Murmurs

MURMURS

Extra, abnormal, or unexpected sound

caused by the flow of blood through the

heart