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ATPL - General Navigation BASICS OF
NAVIGATION The Solar System- INS
operation
The Solar System
- What is the highest latitude listed below at which the sun will reach an altitude of 90o^ above the horizon at some time during the year? A – 0 o B – 45 o C – 66 o D – 23 o Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: D
- Assuming mid-latitudes (40o to 50o N/S). At which time of year is the relationship between the length of day and night, as well as the rate of change of declination of the sun, changing at the greatest rate? A – Summer solstice and spring equinox B – Spring equinox and autumn equinox C – Summer solstice and winter solstice D – Winter solstice and autumn equinox Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: B
- What is the approximate date of perihelion, when the Earth is nearest to the Sun? A – Beginning of January B – End of December C – Beginning of July D – End of March Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: A
- At what approximate date is the earth furthest from the sun (aphelion)? A – Beginning of July B – End of December C – Beginning of January D – End of September Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: A
- Seasons are due to the: A – Earth’s elliptical orbit around the Sun B – inclination of the polar axis with the ecliptic plane C – Earth’s rotation on its polar axis D – variable distance between Earth and Sun Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: B
061 - 01 - 02 The Earth
1. A great circle track joins position A (59oS 141 oW) and B (61oS 148 oW). What is the difference between the great circle track at A and B? A – it increases by 6 o B – it decreases by 6 o C – it increases by 3 o D – it decreases by 3 o Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: A 2. The angle between the plane of the Equator and the plane of the Ecliptic is: A – 66.5 deg B – 23.5 deg C – 25.3 deg D – 65.6 deg Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: B
7. The circumference of the Earth is approximately: A – 43200 nm B – 10800 nm C – 21600 nm D – 5400 nm Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: C 8. In order to fly from position A (10o00N, 030 o00W) to position B (30o00N), 050 o00W), maintaining a constant true course, it is necessary to fly: A – the great-circle route B – the constant average drift route C – a rhumb line track D – a straight line plotted on a Lambert chart Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: C 9. The diameter of the Earth is approximately: A – 18 500 km B – 6 350 km C – 12 700 km D – 40 000 km Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: C 10. At what approximate date is the earth closest to the sun (perihelion)? A – End of June B – End of March C – Beginning of July D – Beginning of January Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: D
11. In which two months of the year is the difference between the transit of the Apparent Sun and mean Sun across the Greenwich Meridian the greatest? A – March and September B – February and November C – June and December D – April and August Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: B 12. What is a line of equal magnetic variation? A – An isocline B – An isogonal C – An isogriv D – An isovar Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: B 13. The circumference of the parallel of latitude at 60oN is approximately: A – 10 800 NM B – 18 706 NM C – 20 000 NM D – 34 641 NM Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: A 14. Parallels of latitude, except the equator are: A – both Rhumb lines and Great circles B – Great circles C – Rhumb lines D – are neither Rhumb lines nor Great circles Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: C
19. If an aeroplane was to circle around the Earth following parallel 60oN at a ground speed of 480 kt. In order to circle around the Earth along the equator in the same amount of time, it should fly at a ground speed of: A – 550 kt B – 240 kt C – 960 kt D – 480 kt Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: C 20. The angle between the true great-circle track and the true rhumb-line track joining the following points: A (60oS 165 oW) B (60oS 177 oE), at the place of departure A, is: A – 7.8o B – 9 o C – 15.6o D – 5.2o Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: A 21. An aircraft flies the following rhumb line tracks and distances from position 04 o00N 030o00W: 600 NM South, then 600 NM East, then 600 NM North, then 600 NM West. The final position of the aircraft is: A – 04 o00N 029 o58W B – 04 o00N 030 o02W C – 04 o00N 030 o00W D – 03 o58N 030 o02W Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: A
22. Which of the following statements concerning the earth’s magnetic field is completely correct? A – Dip is the angle between total magnetic field and vertical field component B – The blue pole of the earth’s magnetic field is situated in North Canada C – At the earth’s magnetic equator, the inclination varies depending on whether the geographic equator is north or south of the magnetic equator D – The earth’s magnetic field can be classified as transient semi-permanent or permanent Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: B 23. What is the initial great circle direction from 45 oN 14o12W to 45oN 12 o48E? A – 86.5o^ (T) B – 80.4o^ (T) C – 090 o^ (M) D – 270 o^ (M) Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: B 24. You are flying from A (50n 10W) to B (58N 02E). What is the Convergency between A and B? A – 6.5o B – 9.7o C – 10.2o D – 6.8o Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: B 25. Radio bearings: A – are Rhumb lines B – cut all meridians at the same angle C – are Great circles D – are lines of fixed direction Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: C
30. A Parallel of Latitude is a: A – Great circle B – Rhumb line C – Small circle D – Meridian of tangency Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: B 31. The shortest distance between 2 point of the surface of the earth is: A – a great circle B – the arc of a great circle C – half the rhumb line distance D – Rhumb line Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: A 32. Conversion angle is: A – convergency B – 4 times convergency C – twice convergency D - 0.5 convergency Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: D 33. Generally what line lies closer to the pole? A – Rhumb line B – Orthodromic line C – Equator D – The rhumb line or great circle depending on the chart used Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: B
34. The Earth is: A – A sphere which has a larger polar circumference than equatorial circumference B – A sphere whose centre is equidistant (the same distance) from the Poles and the Equator C – Considered to be a perfect sphere as far as navigation is concerned D – None of the above statements is correct Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: C 35. At what time of the year is the Earth at its furthest point from the sun (aphelion)? A – Early July B – Late December C – Early January D – Mid-June Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: A
061 - 01 - 03 Time and time conversions
1. (Refer to figure 061 - 14) When it is 1000 Standard Time in Kuwait, the Standard time in Algeria : A – 0700 B – 1200 C – 1300 D – 0800 Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: D
6. Civil Twilight occurs between: A – sunset and 6 deg below the horizon B – 6 deg and 12 deg below the horizon C – 12 deg and 18 deg below the horizon D – sunrise and sunset Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: A 7. Which is the highest latitude listed below at which the sun will rise above the horizon and set every day? A – 62 o B – 68 o C – 72 o D – 66 o Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: D 8. On the 27 th^ of February, at 52oS and 040oE, the sunrise is at 0243 UTC. On the same day, at 52oS and 035oW, the sunrise is at: A – 2143 UTC B – 0243 UTC C – 0743 UTC D – 0523 UTC Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: C 9. (Refer to figures 061 - 13 and 061 - 15) At 1200 Standard Time on the 10 th^ of July in Queensland, Australia, what is the Standard Time in Hawaii, USA? A – 1200 ST 10 July B – 1000 ST 10 July C – 1600 ST 09 July D – 0200 ST 10 July Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: C
10. What is the local mean time, position 65 o25N 123o45W at 2200 UTC? A – 1345 B – 2200 C – 0615 D – 0815 Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: A 11. The main reason that day and night, throughout the year, have different duration is due to the: A – inclination of the ecliptic to the equator B – earth’s rotation C – relative speed of the sun along the ecliptic D – gravitational effect of the sun and moon on the speed of rotation of the earth Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: A 12. The Local Mean Time at longitude 095 o20W at 0000 UTC, is: A – 1738:40 same day B – 0621:20 same day C – 1738:40 previous day D – 0621:20 previous day Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: C 13. What is the meaning of the term standard time? A – It is the time zone system applicable only in the USA B – It is an expression for local mean time C – It is another term for UTC D – It is the time set by the legal authorities for a country or part of a country Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: D
17. In 8 hours and 8 minutes the mean sun has moved how many degrees (o) along the celestial equator? A – 18 o B – 148 o C – 122 o D – 56 o Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: C 18. Morning Civil twilight begins when: A – the sun’s upper edge is tangential to the celestial horizon B – the centre of the sun is 12o^ below the celestial horizon C – the centre of the sun is 18 o^ below the celestial horizon D – the centre of the sun is 6 o^ below the celestial horizon Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: D 19. When the time is 1400 LMT at 90o West, it is: A – 1400 LMT at 90o East B – 1200 LMT at 120o West C – 1000 LMT at 60o West D – 0600 LMT at the Prime meridian Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: B 20. When the time is 2000 UTC, it is: A – 1400 LMT at 90o West B – 2400 LMT at 120o West C – 1200 LMT at 60o East D – 0800 LMT at the Prime meridian Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: A
21. Which of the following alternatives is correct when you cross the international date line? A – The date will increase if you are crossing on a westerly heading B – The date will increase if you are crossing on a easterly heading C – The date will always be the same D – If you are crossing from westerly longitude to easterly longitude the date will remain the same Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: A 22. On 27 Feb, at S5210.0 E04000.0, the sunrise is at 0230 UTC. On the same day, at S5210.0 W03500.0, the sunrise is at: A – 0230 UTC B – 0510 UTC C – 0730 UTC D – 2130 UTC Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: C 23. The UTC of the end of Evening Civil Twilight in position N51000’ W008000’ on 15 August is: A – 1928 UTC B – 1944 UTC C – 2000 UTC D – 2032 UTC Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: C 24. (Refer to figures 061 - 13 and 061 - 15) If it is 1200 Standard Time on 10 th^ July in Queensland, Australia, the Standard Time in Hawaii, USA is: A – 1200ST 10 July B – 1000ST 10 July C – 1600ST 09 July D – 0200ST 10 July Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: C
61 - 01 - 04 Distances
1. Isogrives are lines that connect positions that have: A – the same horizontal magnetic field strength B – the same grivation C – the same variation D – 0 o^ magnetic dip Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: B 2. The north and south magnetic poles are the only positions on the earth’s surface where: A – a freely suspended compass needle will stand horizontal B – isogonals converge C – a freely suspended compass needle will stand vertical D – the value of magnetic variation equals 90 o Ans: C 3. The lines on the earth’s surface that join points of equal magnetic variation are called: A – isogrives B – isoclines C – isogonals D – isotachs Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: C 4. A great circle on the Earth running from the North Pole to the South Pole is called: A – a longitude B – a parallel of latitude C – a difference of longitude D – a meridian Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: D
5. An aircraft is following the 45oN parallel of latitude. The track followed is a: A – constant-heading track B – rhumb line C – great circle D – constant-drift track Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: B 6. How does the convergency of any two meridians on the Earth change with varying latitude? A – It changes as cosine of latitude B – It changes as sine of latitude C – It increases with decrease of latitude D – It is of constant value and does not change with latitude Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: B 7. How many small circles can be drawn between any two points on a sphere? A – One B – None C – An unlimited number D – Two Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: C 8. If you are flying along a parallel of latitude, you are flying: A – a great circle track B – on a north-south track C – on a track which is constantly changing direction D – a rhumb line track Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl Ans: D
