General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
1
Chapter 3 Atoms and Elements
3.6
Electron Energy Levels
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Atoms and Elements - Survey of Chemistry I | CHEM 1151K, Study notes of Chemistry
Material Type: Notes; Professor: Osborne; Class: Survey of Chemistry I; Subject: Chemistry; University: Gordon College; Term: Spring 2010;
Typology: Study notes
2009/2010
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Chapter 3 Atoms and Elements
Electron Energy Levels
Electromagnetic Radiation
Electromagnetic radiation (^) is energy that travels as waves through space (^) is described in terms of wavelength and frequency (^) moves at the speed of light in a vacuum speed of light = 3.0 x 10 8 m/s
Learning Check
- Which of the following has the shortest wavelength? A. microwaves B. blue light C. UV light
- Which of the following has the lowest energy? A. red light B. blue light C. green light
Solution
- Which of the following has the shortest wavelength? C. UV light
- Which of the following has the lowest energy? A. red light
Atomic Spectrum
An atomic spectrum consists of (^) lines of different colors formed when light from a heated element passes through a prism (^) photons emitted when electrons drop to lower energy levels
Example of Atomic Spectra
Energy Level Changes
(^) An electron absorbs energy to “jump” to a higher energy level. (^) When an electron falls to a lower energy level, energy is emitted. (^) In the visible range, the emitted energy appears as a color.
In each of the following energy level changes, indicate if energy is
- absorbed 2) emitted 3) not changed A. An electron moves from the first energy level ( n =
- to the third energy level ( n = 3). B. An electron falls from the third energy level to the second energy level. C. An electron moves within the third energy level.
Learning Check
Sublevels
Sublevels (^) contain electrons with the same energy (^) are found within each energy level. (^) are designated by the letters s, p, d, and f The number of sublevels is equal to the value of the principal quantum number (n ).
Number of Sublevels
Orbitals
An orbital (^) is a three-dimensional space around a nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found (^) has a shape that represents electron density ( not a path the electron follows) (^) can hold up to 2 electrons (^) contains two electrons that must spin in opposite
s Orbitals
An s orbital (^) has a spherical shape around the nucleus (^) increases in size around the nucleus as the energy level n value increases (^) is a single orbital found in each s sublevel
Sublevels and Orbitals
Each sublevel consists of a specific number of orbitals_._ (^) An s sublevel contains one s orbital. (^) A p sublevel contains three p orbitals. (^) A d sublevel contains five d orbitals. (^) An f sublevel contains seven f orbitals.