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ATI TEAS PRACTICE test questions well answered. Qs Which of these glands is the primary producer of insulin? a. Thyroid b. Adrenal c. Pituitary d. Pancreas - n Ans✔ D (The pancreas produces insulin) Qs adrenal glands - n Ans✔ produce cortisol & stress hormones Qs pituitary gland - n Ans✔ regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. Qs Which gland primarily supplies hair shafts & skin with oily secretions? a. Eccrine gland b. Apocrine gland c. Sebaceous gland d. Ceruminous gland - n
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Qs Which of these glands is the primary producer of insulin? a. Thyroid b. Adrenal c. Pituitary d. Pancreas - n Ans✔ D (The pancreas produces insulin) Qs adrenal glands - n Ans✔ produce cortisol & stress hormones Qs pituitary gland - n Ans✔ regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. Qs Which gland primarily supplies hair shafts & skin with oily secretions? a. Eccrine gland b. Apocrine gland
c. Sebaceous gland d. Ceruminous gland - n Ans✔ C (Sebaceous glands produce sebum, which supplies hair shafts and skin with oily secretions) Qs apocrine glands - n Ans✔ (sweat glands) found in groin and armpits and produce sweat and scent. Qs Ceruminous glands - n Ans✔ waxy secretion in the earwax Qs eccrine (merocrine) glands - n Ans✔ distributed across the surface of the skin and produce a dilute, salty sweat. (palms, forehead) Qs A pregnant woman who is a chain smoker has been diagnosed with lung cancer. Her concern is if she passed on the cancer to her child. Which is correct? A) Children do not use their lungs until they are born, so the cancer cannot pass to the child before birth.
C (The hypodermis contains stores of subcutaneous fat as well as deeper blood vessels) Qs Demyelinization results in? A. Inhibited detection of a stimulus at the dendrites of a nerve cell B. Disrupted propagation of an action potential along the axon of a nerve cell C. Inhibited uptake of neurotransmitters at the synapse of a nerve cell D. Disrupted ability of the Na+/K+ pumps to depolarize a cell - n Ans✔ B (The myelin sheath, which is a lipid-based structure, insulates the axon, allowing rapid electrical conduction of the action potential down the axon. Deterioration of the myelin sheath disrupts this process) Qs Demyelinization - n Ans✔ destruction, removal, or loss of the myelin sheath of a nerve or nerves. Qs which of the following is the function of the lymph nodes in mammals? a. Pump oxygen into tissue spaces. b. Store extra glucose for emergencies. c. Synthesize hemoglobin for erythrocytes. d. Filter debris from intracellular spaces. - n Ans✔ D (Lymph nodes filter debris, lymphocytes, and pathogens from intracellular fluid)
Qs lymph nodes - n Ans✔ filters that cluster along the lymphatic vessels of the body. Filter debris, lymphocytes, & pathogens from intracellular fluid Qs which of these structures diverts food into the esophagus, & prevents it from entering the lungs? a. Uvula b. Soft palate c. Tonsils d. Epiglottis - n Ans✔ D (The epiglottis shuts off the tracheal opening, diverting food into the esophagus) Qs uvula - n Ans✔ prevents food entry into the nasal passages Qs soft palate - n Ans✔ Helps in swallowing & prevents food entry into the nasal passage
Ans✔ site of protein synthesis Qs Mitochondria - n Ans✔ Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production Qs Necleolus - n Ans✔ Makes ribosomes Qs Which will dissolves in water? a. CH b. CCI c. CH3OH d. C8H18 - n Ans✔ CH3OH (is a polar molecule, because oxygen is highly electronegative and draws electrons towards itself. bc water molecules are polar, water acts as a solvent for polar molecules) Qs which refers to the "voice box" for sound production? a. Pharynx b. Trachea
c. Larynx d. Uvula - n Ans✔ C (The larynx is a cartilaginous structure containing the vocal chords, which is used to generate sound) Qs Pharynx - n Ans✔ throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx Qs Trachea - n Ans✔ (containing cartilaginous rings) Allows air to pass to and from lungs Qs Kidneys remove what from the blood? a. Platelets b. Salts c. Oxygen d. Fat - n Ans✔ Salts Qs Platelets are removed by the - n
Macrophages - n Ans✔ ingest & digest both non-self & dead cells Qs Helper T cells - n Ans✔ help (immune system) by increasing the activity of killer cells and stimulating the suppressor T cells Qs Which describes a sample composed of particles condensed into a small space having vibrational, but not transitional, motion? a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. plasma - n Ans✔ A (Solids have little space between particles, and the particles vibrate within a fixed lattice structure) Qs Structure of cell membrane - n Ans✔ consists of a phospholipid bilayer w.t polar phosphate heads, nonpolar lipid tails, and embedded proteins (this permit the movement of molecules across the membrane) Qs
Which is correct structure & function of the cell membrane? a. A double glycoprotein structure with embedded lipid bodies provides shape and rigidity to the cytoplasm. b. A double layer of phosphate proteins with lipid channels allows molecules to pass from the inside to the outside of cells. c. Nonpolar phosphate heads and polar lipid tails form a bilayer to control the transport of proteins. d. A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins regulates molecules entering and leaving cytoplasm. - n Ans✔ D Qs Which area does protein breakdown begin in the human body? a. Mouth b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine - n Ans✔ B (first place in the digestive system in which proteinases are produced.) Qs An atom has 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons. Which of the following is the atom's mass number? A. 3 B. 6 C. 7
b. Hydrogen sulfide c. Calcium sulfide d. Hydrogen sulfate - n Ans✔ Calcium Sulfate; Calcium and sulfuric acid react to produce calcium sulfate and hydrogen gas. Qs Which of the following organs is the site of blood filtration? a. kidney b. heart c. lung d. brain - n Ans✔ the kidneys filter blood (heat pumps, lung oxygenates they don't filter blood) Qs Which is responsible for transporting nutrient, wastes and other substances throughout the human body? a. Respiratory b. Immune c. Nervous d. Circulatory - n Ans✔ Circulatory; (the heart pumping blood through the arteries, capillaries, & veins provides the means of transporting substances throughout the body)
Qs Which is an ex. of positive feedback? a. Oxytocin causes an increase in uterine muscle contractions, ultimately causing the posterior pituitary to release more oxytocin. b. An increase in blood glucose level causes the release of insulin, which results in the lowering of glucose levels in the blood and halting the release of insulin. c. A drop in body temperature causes the hypothalamus to activate warming mechanisms, which results in the increase of body temperature. d. An increase in blood osmolarity causes the release of ADH, which causes urine to become more concentrated and osmolarity to decrease - n Ans✔ a. (When a response reinforces a stimulus, causing an even greater response, positive feedback is occurring) Qs The bands in muscle sarcomere are formed by actin and which other proteins? a. Myosin b. Dynein c. Keratin d. Laminin - n Ans✔ Myosin (contains "heads" that contact actin and pull the actin fibres together in an ATP- dependent mechanism that causes muscles to contract) Qs Which chemical compounds prevents the lungs from collapsing? a. mucus b. surfactant c. enzymes
A (Aerobic respiration (oxidative respiration) is almost exclusively used by the heart. The byproducts of this type of respiration are water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2), not lactate) Qs The nephridium in worms has a function most similar to which of the organs in humans? a. Liver b. Spleen c. Lymph nodes d. Kidney - n Ans✔ d. Kidney (Nephridia in segmented worms operate similarly to the nephron of the kidneys. Nephrons in the kidneys contain a collecting tubule that aids in urine production) Qs what connect two bones together? a. Ligament b. Tendon c. Marrow d. Muscle - n Ans✔ A (Ligaments connect bones together) Qs which of the cell types provides a waterproofing function for the outer layers of the skin? a. Melanocytes b. Keratinocytes c. Merkel cells
d. Langerhans cells - n Ans✔ B (Keratinocytes contain the protein keratin. They are produced in the epidermis and migrate upwards. The tight junctions between cells prevent water entry. They eventually form a layer of dead cells on the skin surface, which produces a waterproofing effect. Qs Melanocytes - n Ans✔ produce melanin(absorbs UV light) in the lowest layer of the epidermis skin(basal layer) Qs Merkel cells - n Ans✔ touch receptors in the skin (sense touch & pressure) Qs Langerhans cells - n Ans✔ epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system Qs The shape of the villi & microvilli facilitates______? a. Pushing food along the intestine via ciliary motion of villi b. Creating barriers to food movement to increase digestion time c. Decreasing surface area for absorption d. Increasing surface area for absorption - n
(side of neck) supplies oxygenated blood to the head Qs which of the following produces progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy? a. Endometrium b. Cervix c. Corpus Luteum d. Fallopian tubes - n Ans✔ C. (The corpus luteum refers to the remnant of the graafian follicle. It secretes progesterone to prepare the uterus for the pregnancy) Qs Fallopian tubes - n Ans✔ tubes which carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus & provides the place where fertilization occurs Qs endometrium - n Ans✔ inner lining of the uterus Qs A person is suddenly frightened. What occurs next? a. Liver cells absorb glucose from the blood stream. b. Blood vessels supplying skeletal muscles constrict.
c. Blood vessels supplying the intestines dilate. d. Liver cells release glucose into the blood stream. - n Ans✔ D (Epinephrine causes liver cells to break down glycogen, which causes an increase in sugar in the blood stream) Qs which are sesamoid bones? a. Phalanges b. Patellae c. Scapulae d. Metatarsals - n Ans✔ B (Patellae are sesamoid bones, which develop in response to strain. Patellae are also considered short bones.) Qs sesamoid bones - n Ans✔ small, round bones found near joints (e.g., the patella) Qs phalanges and metatarsals are - n Ans✔ long bones bc their length is greater than their width
