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ATI RN MEDICAL-SURGICAL PROCTORED QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 - 2026
Which of the following would lead you to believe that a client understands his teachings about using his ACE inhibitors? - answer decrease potassium and salt intake What would you include in your education of a client receiving opioids? - answer increased fiber in the diet What nursing interventions would you implement to address adverse effects of opioids? - answer laxatives and enemas Which symptoms indicate adverse effects from the blood transfusion? - answer chills fever lower back pain tachycardia flushing hypotension chest tightening tachypnea nausea anxiety What would be your first intervention for a pt who has an adverse effect from a blood transfusion? - answer Initiate saline infusion (separate line)
What type of needle would you use to access an implanted port? – answer noncoring needle How would you confirm the placement of a PICC line? – answer chest xray What lab value is an indicator that the diabetic pt isn't compliant with their treatment plan? – answer A1c is at 8% What would you include in your education to a client receiving vasopressin? – answer expect lesser urine output What s/s would you expect a pt with digoxin toxicity to exhibit? – answer muscle fatigue & confusion Which of the following indicates client understanding of their digoxin prescription? – answer I will not take antacids at the same time as my digoxin Which assessment finding indicates fluid overload? – answer crackles in the lungs upon auscultation What education would you give a pt with HF? – answer increase K+ Which assessment finding indicates increased intracranial pressure? – answer decreased level of consciousness Which assessment findings would you expect in a pt who is 24hr post op receiving an ostomy? – answer The stoma is bright red, smooth and moist (turns pink after 2-3 weeks)
What education would you give a pt suffering from COPD? – answer pursed lip breathing What would you teach a pt about exercise when they suffer from diabetes? – answer eat a snack during unexpected activity which pt is most at risk of developing an infection? – answer low WBC Expected finding of drainage postop? – answer sanguinous to serosanguinous, pink wound edges, slight swelling under sutures/staples, slight crusting of drainage Which of the following diseases would warrant airborne precautions? – answer measles A pt has a positive TB skin test what would your first action be? – answer put a mask on either the pt or yourself What precautions would you take with a person diagnosed with TB? – answer negative airflow room N95 mask on the nurse & the pt only when leaving the room What complaint would lead you to believe the pt is suffering from an aneurysm? - answer pain in the abd, back, arm, or leg sudden onset If a pt suffered 18% burns what lab values would you expect to increase after 24 hrs? - answer WBC decrease
Hgb & Hct decrease Sodium decrease Internal radiation: - answer - visitors limited to 30 min a day at distance of 6 ft
- healthcare staff must wear dosimeter
- sign on door
- client gets private room & bath
- no pregnant visitors or kids
- lead container for disposal of stuff in clients room Internal radiation, which indicates client understanding? - answer I will wash area with mild soap and water daily which of the following pts is at risk for developing metabolic alkalosis? - answer vomiting laxatives ng tube suctioning Which of the following pt complaints would lead you to suspect extravasation? - answer burning stinging pain Suspected septicemia appropriate intervention? - answer obtain a blood culture for dx what would be an appropriate finding in an EKG strip? - answer absent inverted T waves
Which pt has the highest risk of developing a pressure ulcer? - answer older woman post hip replacement surgery What assessment finding indicates a complication following an MI? - answer change/altered LOC What would cause you to notify physician/primary concern for a pt who just received a bronchoscopy? - answer change in sputum color What would lead you to believe that cardiac tamponade is occurring? - answer Sudden cessation of chest tube drainage What signs/symptoms would indicate PVD? - answer edema, elevated temp Femoral aneurysm complication following bypass graft, what to check? - answer pedal pulses positive kernig's sign - answer test dealing with the extension of the neck Asthma & dry powder inhaler teaching: - answer breath in forcefully malignant hyperthermia s/s: - answer tachycardia tachypnea hypercarbia dysrhtyhmias
Which action by the nurse indicates safe practice of chest tube care? - answer Measure drainage by holding container at eye level (keep below abd) Paracentesis client teaching: - answer supine void prior to procedure Which of the following statements indicates client understanding about the tracheostomy? - answer I will perform suctioning 3 times a day (every 8 hrs) Which assessment finding indicates a spinal cord injury? - answer dilated pupils What interventions would you apply for a pt diagnosed with Herpes? - answer Contact precautions, wear gown and gloves Which electrolyte imbalance increases the risk for digoxin/digitalis/digibind toxicity? - answer hypokalemia A client with peptic ulcer disease has a new NG tube in place with orders for NG tube monitoring for the nurse. What is an expected finding? - answer scant blood may be seen for the first 12-24 hrs Suspected stomach perforation due to a peptic ulcer s/s: - answer - rigid abdomen
- tachycardia
- rebound tenderness Complications of enteral feedings: - answer Overfeeding: abd distention, N/V
POST:
- monitor vitals
- assess dressings & urinary output (hematuria)
- review Hgb & Hct
- admin PRN pain meds
- remain supine Following a kidney biopsy, a client has cloudy & smelly urine, and an urgency to urinate, the nurse suspects what? - answer infection Most immediate risk to the client following a kidney biopsy: - answer hemorrhage Ongoing monitoring of a client with Cushing's disease includes: - answer - monitoring liver enzymes
- monitoring fluid & elecs (hyperkalemia)
- weight
- WBC, neutrophils, platelets, Hgb & Hct Client care following a thyroidectomy: - answer - High fowler's
- support head & neck w/pillows
- avoid neck extension
- check surgical dressing & back of neck for bleeding
- have trach supplies available
- coughing & deep breathing
- check for laryngeal damage by asking client to speak when awake from anesthesia
- admin pain meds
- tingling of toes or around mouth, & muscle twitching indicates hypocalcemia & tetany
- have IV cal gluconate or cal chloride ready
- if drain, surgeon will remove after 2 days Hypoglycemia s/s: - answer - shakiness
- confusion
- diaphoresis
- palpitations
- headache
- lack of coordination
- blurred vision
- seizures
- coma Post knee arthroplasty: - answer - no pillows under knee
- to prevent heel ulcers: place small pillow/blanket under ankle area
- ice/cold therapy to help w/swelling
- compression bandage & suction
- CPM may be applied after surgery Endoscopy (EGD) positioning - answer left side lying
C. inner wrapping of an item on the sterile field D. irrigation syringe on the sterile field E. one gloved hand with the other gloved hand - answer C, D, E A nurse has prepared a sterile field for assisting a provider with a chest tube insertion. Which of the following events should the nurse recognize as contaminating the field (Select all that apply) A. provider drops a sterile instrument onto the near side of the sterile field B. nurse moistens a cotton ball with sterile normal saline and places it on sterile field C. procedure is delayed 1hr because the provider receives an emergency call D. nurse turns to speak to someone who enters through the door behind the nurse E. clients hand brushes against the outer edge of the sterile field - answer B, C, D TB is suspected, what precautionary actions to do? - answer - negative airflow room, airborne precautions
- nurses wear N95 mask, client wears if going out of the room
- admin heat & humidified O2 therapy as prescribed TB interventions: - answer - family members should be screened
- 4 meds taken for 6 - 12 months
- not contagious when they have 3 negative sputum cultures
What to watch for when on Isoniazid: - answer numb/tingling in the hands & feet What to watch for when on Rifampin: - answer - orange secretions normal
- watch for jaundice
- interferes with birth control What to watch for when on Ethambutol: - answer vision changes Client teaching for genital herpes: - answer - can be transmitted with or w/out blisters
- sexual partners should be informed & screened
- no cure, just meds to help w/symptoms
- abstain from intercourse until lesions are completely healed
- gently clean areas w/mild soap & water Caring for a client following a stroke of the right side with left-sided hemipalegia: - answer - thicken liquids/foods
- high fowlers
- speech therapist for helping w/eating & speech
- monitor gag reflex/swallowing abilities
- have suction equipment available
- occupational therapy
- support left arm with pillows, slings, etc
- decrease BP
- decrease edema Valsartan for HF expected outcomes/findings: - answer - vasodilation
- excretion of sodium & water
- reduces BP
- reduces risk of mortality in post-MI pts left w/vent dysfunction Expected findings of meds that increase urinary output (diuretics): - answer - decreased potassium
- weight loss
- decrease in edema
- decreased calcium
- increased urine output
- decreased BP
- decrease in ICP & IOP Client teaching for Nitroglycerin: - answer 1. stop activity & rest
- place nitro tab under tongue
- if pain is unrelieved in 5 min, call 911 or go to ED
- take 2 or more doses at 5 min intervals
- headache is a common side effect of nitro Which foods should the client on Warfarin avoid? - answer dark leafy green veggies
Client teaching for anticoagulant therapy: - answer - bleeding precautions
- no added meds that increase bleeding
- on it for 6 - 8 weeks prior to hematologic dx procedure
- must have blood levels checked often
- monitor vitamin K in their diet Expected prescriptions for Hypertension: - answer - furosemide (Lasix)
- aldactone (potassium sparing diuretic)
- hydrochlorothiazide (diuretic)
- verapamil, dilitiazem (CCB)
- captopril, lisinopril (ACE inhibitors)
- losartan, telmisartan (ARBs)
- eplerenone
- atenolol, metoprolol (Beta blockers)
- clonidine
- prazosin (minipress) Contraindications for Nadolol: - answer - asthma
- sinus bradycardia
- cardiogenic shock
- cardiac failure
- diabetes
- pregnancy
- right side HF
- excessive alcohol consumption
- age Expected lab findings for a client with pancreatitis: - answer - increased amylase & lipase
- increased WBC
- decreased platelets
- increased glucose
- increased liver enzymes & bilirubin
- elevated ESR
- decreased calcium & magnesium What med do you give for symptomatic bradycardia? What electrical management? - answer med=atropine elec= pacemaker insertion What med/meds do you give for AFib? What electrical management? - answer meds= amiodarone, adenosine, verapamil elec= synchronized cardioversion What med/meds do you give for SVT? What electrical management? - answer meds= amiodarone, adenosine, verapamil elec= synchronized cardioversion
What med/meds do you give for V-tach w/a pulse? What electrical management? - answer meds= amiodarone, adenosine, verapamil elec= synchronized cardioversion What med/meds do you give for V-tach w/out a pulse or V-fib? What electrical management? - answer meds= amiodarone, lidocaine, & epi elec= defibrillation V-tach - answer V-tach V-fib - answer V-fib SVT - answer SVT brady - answer brady AV block - answer AV block If a pt is complaining of pain and there is no irrigation fluid coming out of the catheter what will the priority nursing action be? - answer irrigate catheter with saline solution If the pt has had their prostate removed and the irrigating 3 way catheter shows bright red clotted blood being released from the end what should you do? - answer increase the flow rate
