ATI CAPSTONE FUNDAMENTALS VERIFIED QUESTIONS ND ANSWERS OVER 100 QUESTIONS 2025, Exams of Nursing

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ATI CAPSTONE

FUNDAMENTALS VERIFIED

QUESTIONS ND ANSWERS

OVER 100 QUESTIONS 2025

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[COMPANY NAME] [Company address]

1. A nurse is assessing four clients for fluid balance. The nurse should identify that which of the following clients is exhibiting manifestations of dehydration? o A client who has a temperature of 39 C (102 F) o This temperature is greater than the expected reference range. An elevated temperature is a manifestation of dehydration.
2. A nurse is preparing to administer total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to a client. Which of the following findings indicates a need to obtain a new bag of TPN before administering? o The TPN solution has an oily appearance and a layer of fat on top of the solution. o A "cracked" TPN solution should not be used.
3. A nurse is caring for a client receiving radiation treatments for cancer. The client states experiencing dryness, redness, and scaling at the treatment area. Which of the following should the nurse instruct the client to do? o Liberally apply prescribed lotion to the area. o Hydrating lotions are commonly prescribed for irradiated areas.
4. A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client with cholecystitis who has been prescribed a low-fat diet. Which of the following meal selections by the client indicates understanding of education? o Roast turkey, rice pilaf, green beans o Roast turkey is a low-fat protein option. Creams and gravies should be avoided.
5. A nurse is caring for a client with encephalopathy secondary to liver failure. The client has been prescribed a high-calorie, low-protein diet. Which of the following meal selections is appropriate for this client? o Chicken breast, mashed potatoes, spinach. o This option meets the prescribed diet.
6. A nurse is caring for an older adult client with delirium. Which intervention will most effectively reduce the client's risk for falls? o Hourly rounding by the nurse. o Hourly rounding significantly reduces the occurrence of client falls.

14. A nurse is providing teaching about the Mediterranean diet to a client with a new diagnosis of hypertension. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching? o "I will limit my intake of red meat to twice weekly." o This indicates a need for further teaching; red meat should be limited to twice monthly.
15. What is the name of the legal document that instructs health care providers about an individual's life-sustaining treatment wishes if they cannot make decisions? o Living will o A living will outlines a client's wishes regarding life-sustaining treatment.
16. A nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed furosemide. Which of the following foods should the nurse encourage this client to include in his diet? o Oranges o High in potassium; encouraged for clients prescribed potassium- wasting diuretics.
17. A nurse is caring for a client with celiac disease. Which food should be removed from the meal tray? o Tortillas contain gluten.
18. A nurse manager is providing staff education on the correct use of restraints. Which of the following should be included in this education? Select all that apply. o Restraints should never interfere with treatment. o Restraints should never be used because of short staffing. o Document type and location of the restraint and time applied. o Assess neurovascular and neurosensory status every 2 hours.
19. A nurse is verifying nasogastric tube placement by the pH of aspirated gastric fluid. Which of the following pH values provides a good indication of correct tube placement? o 2 o A pH of 2 indicates appropriate gastric contents.

20. A nurse is admitting a client who has tuberculosis and a productive cough. Which type of isolation precautions should the nurse initiate? o Airborne o Airborne precautions are needed for tuberculosis.
21. A nurse is caring for a client with heart failure who exhibits dyspnea, bibasilar crackles, and frothy sputum. What dietary restrictions should be provided to this client in the management of heart failure? o Reduce sodium intake. o Reducing sodium intake is essential in heart failure management.
22. A pressure ulcer is defined as: o Intact skin with nonblanchable redness (stage 1). o Partial-thickness skin loss (stage 2). o Full-thickness tissue loss (stage 3). o Full-thickness tissue loss with damage (stage 4).
23. A nurse is caring for a client receiving opiates for pain management. What action should the nurse take if the client was initially sedated and is no longer sedated after three days? o No action is needed at this time. o Opiates initially cause sedation, but this effect subsides.
24. A nurse is assessing a client who has Parkinson's disease. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? o Bradykinesia o The nurse should expect difficulty moving in a client with Parkinson's disease.
25. A nurse should teach which of the following clients requiring crutches about how to use a three-point gait? o A client who has a right femur fracture with no weight bearing on the affected leg. o A three-point gait is appropriate for this client.
26. A nurse is preparing to administer 250 mg of an antibiotic IM. Available is 3 g/ mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose?

(Eye opening: 1-4, Verbal: 1-5, Motor: 1-6)

33. A nurse should teach which of the following clients requiring crutches about how to use a three-point gait?

• A client who has a right femur fracture with no weight bearing on the affected leg (Bears all weight on one foot, then both shoulders on crutches, and the uninvolved leg; the affected leg does not touch the ground.)

34. A nurse is providing teaching about the Mediterranean diet to a client who has a new diagnosis of hypertension. What statement indicates a need for further teaching?

• I will limit my intake of red meat to 2 times weekly (Should be limited to 2 times monthly.)

35. A nurse is providing dietary education to a client with cholecystitis who has been prescribed a low-fat diet. Which of the following meal selections by the client indicates understanding of education?

• Roast turkey, rice pilaf, green beans

36. A client with cystocele is encouraged to exercise to strengthen pelvic floor muscles and prevent pelvic organ prolapse. What exercise will the client need to perform?

• Kegel exercises (Reduce pelvic prolapse and stress urinary incontinence.)

37. A nurse is caring for an older adult client with delirium. Which intervention will most likely reduce the client's risk for falls?

• Hourly rounding by the nurse

38. A nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed furosemide. Which of the following foods should the nurse encourage this client to include in his diet?

• Oranges (Along with dried fruits, tomatoes, avocados, dried peas, meats, broccoli, bananas, which are all good sources of potassium for a potassium-wasting diuretic.)

39. A menopausal client is having difficulty getting to sleep and asks what actions she should incorporate in her daily routine to promote sleep. The nurse would encourage which of the below measures to promote sleep?

• Limit alcohol and nicotine prior to bedtime (At least 4 hours before bedtime.)

40. A nurse is caring for several clients prescribed heat/cold therapies. Which of the following clients are at risk of injury from these therapies? Select all that apply.

• Use caution with clients who are very young, older adults, fair-skinned, have impaired cognition, and comorbidities (Higher risk for fragile skin.)

41. A nurse is caring for a client with heart failure who has evidence of dyspnea, bibasilar crackles, and frothy sputum. What dietary recommendations should be provided to this client in the management of their heart failure?

• Reduce sodium intake (Other recommendations include monitoring fluid intake to 2L/day, increasing protein intake, and consuming small frequent meals.)

42. A nurse is caring for a client receiving opiates for pain management. Initially, after the pain management plan was started, the client was sedated and sleeping most of the time. After three days, the client is no longer sedated and sleeping regularly. What action should the nurse take?

• No action is needed at this time (Opiates initially cause sedation, but this effect subsides with maintenance pain control.)

43. A nurse is caring for a client who is admitted for observation and has full range of motion. What is the best manner to encourage the client to void?

• Client bathroom (Promotes independence and privacy.)

44. A nurse is caring for a client with encephalopathy secondary to liver failure. The client has been prescribed a high-calorie, low-protein diet. Which of the following meals is appropriate?

• Chicken breast, mashed potatoes, spinach

45. A client with hearing loss has been fitted for a hearing aid. Which of the following teaching points are important for the nurse to discuss with the client?

• Use mild soap and water to clean the ear mold.

46. What is the name of the legal document that instructs healthcare providers and family members about what, if any, life-sustaining treatment an individual wants if at some time the individual is unable to make decisions?

54. A nurse is caring for a client receiving chemotherapy that is experiencing neutropenia. What should the nurse include in patient education?

• Avoid crowded events (Clients with neutropenia cannot fight infections.)

55. A nurse is caring for a client with a stage 2 pressure ulcer. Define the characteristics of this ulcer?

• Partial-thickness skin loss involving the epidermis and dermis.
• The ulcer is visible and superficial; may appear as an abrasion, blister, or shallow crater.
• Edema persists, and the ulcer may become infected with possible pain and scant drainage.

56. A nurse is preparing to administer 250mg of an antibiotic IM. Available is 3g/5mL. How many mL would the nurse administer per dose?

• 0.4 mL

57. A nurse is reviewing psychosocial stages of development for a school-age child. What would be an expected behavioral finding for this child?

• Develop a sense of industry through advances in learning; strive to develop healthy self-esteem by finding out in what areas they excel.
• Peer groups play an important role in social development.

58. A nurse is assessing a client who has Parkinson's disease. What manifestations should be expected?

• Bradykinesia

59. A nurse is caring for a client receiving radiation treatments for cancer. The client states he is experiencing dryness, redness, and scaling at the treatment area. Which of the following should the nurse instruct the client to do?

• Liberally apply prescribed lotion to the area.

60. A nurse is assessing the pain level of a client who has dementia and difficulty communicating. Which pain assessment technique should the nurse use?

• Behavioral indicators (Look for increased agitation, restlessness.)

61. A nurse receives a report from an assistive personnel that a client's BP is 160/95. What should the nurse do first?

• Recheck the client's BP (Reassess prior to any intervention.)

62. A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter. What should the nurse identify as a catheter occlusion?

• Bladder distention (Inability to empty the bladder, impaired elimination.)

63. A nurse is discussing immunity with a client who has received an immunization. The nurse should identify that an immunization functions as part of which of the following types of immunity?

• Acquired immunity (Artificial/acquired immunity occurs when antigens from toxoids or immunizations are ADMINISTERED to a client. This stimulates the production of antibodies.)

64. A nurse is reviewing the health history of an older adult (OA) who has a hip fracture. The nurse should identify what is a risk for developing pressure injuries?

• Urinary incontinence (Increased risk for skin breakdown and pressure injuries due to incontinence, poor nutrition, infection, poor tissue perfusion, friction and shear, immobility, and alterations in sensory perception.)

65. A nurse is assessing the IV infusion site of a client who reports pain at the site. The site is red, and there is warmth along the course of the vein. What should the nurse do?

• Discontinue the infusion (Assessment suggests phlebitis; d/c infusion, apply a warm compress. If continued therapy required, start a new IV.)

66. A nurse is caring for an older adult who has a nonpalpable skin lesion that is less than 0.5cm (0.2in) in diameter. Which of the following terms should the nurse use to document this finding?

• Macule (Nonpalpable, smaller than 1cm; for example, a freckle.)

67. A community health nurse is teaching a group of clients about first aid for different types of wounds. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• Decrease in elasticity (Other expected changes include an increase in pigmentation and a decrease in subcutaneous tissue and moisture levels.)

75. A nurse is monitoring a client who has been receiving intermittent enteral feedings. What should the nurse identify as an intolerance to the feeding?

• Nausea (Other signs include vomiting or dumping syndrome; consider changing the rate or type of formula.)

76. A nurse enters a client's room and sees smoke coming from the trash can. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

• Evacuate the room (Follow RACE protocol for fire safety.)

77. A nurse is assisting a client who signed an informed consent form for surgery but has since expressed doubts about the need for surgery. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

• The surgeon will answer your questions before surgery.

78. A nurse is reviewing information about advance directives with a newly admitted client. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• I have a living will that outlines my wishes when I am unable to make a decision.

79. A nurse is admitting a client who has meningococcal meningitis. What should the nurse do first?

• Initiate droplet precautions. (Put in a private room and wear a surgical mask within 3 feet.)

80. A nurse finds a client on the floor of their room experiencing a seizure. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?

• Place the client on their side with their head forward. (ABC – Airway, Breathing, Circulation.)

81. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a prescription for home oxygen. Which information should the nurse teach?

• Wear cotton socks when the oxygen is in use. (Other fabrics can cause static electricity.)

82. A nurse in a provider's office is assessing a client who reports a decrease in the effectiveness of their arthritis medication. Which of the following client information should the nurse identify as a contributing factor to the decrease in the medication's effectiveness?

• The client has a history of recurring bowel inflammation. (GI issues decrease motility, which can decrease medication effectiveness, so oral medications should be avoided if possible.)

83. A nurse is teaching a client about the correct use of a cane. What should the nurse include?

• Ensure the cane has a rubber cap.
• Hold the cane on the stronger side.
• Flex the elbow slightly when using the cane.
• Use a quad cane for increased support.

84. A nurse is teaching about safety risks for adolescents. What should be included?

• At this age, peer influence to participate in high-risk behaviors can lead to injury.

85. A nurse is assisting with meal planning for a client who has been prescribed a mechanical soft diet. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which of the following foods?

• Orange slices (The membranes of the oranges are hard to swallow, and should also avoid other hard foods and raw fruits/vegetables.)

86. A nurse is reviewing the medical records of a group of older adult (OA) clients. The nurse should identify that which of the following is a risk factor that places OA at an increased risk for developing infections?

• Lowered immune system function. (Manifested as fever, redness, confusion, agitation, general fatigue.)

87. A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for a narcotic medication. After administration, the nurse is left with an unused portion. What should the nurse do?

• Discard the medication with another nurse as a witness. (Follow the procedure for controlled substances that mandates two personnel for disposal.)

• Increased hematocrit. (Increased urine specific gravity and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) may also indicate FVD.)

95. A nurse is updating a plan of care after an evaluation of a client who has dysphagia. Which interventions should the nurse include in the plan?

• Have the client sit upright for 1 hour following meals. (Facilitates swallowing of undigested food and reduces risk of aspiration.)

96. A nurse is caring for a client who reports burning around the peripheral IV site. Which finding should the nurse identify as a manifestation of infiltration?

• Edema. (Leakage of the IV solution into the extravascular tissue.)

97. A charge nurse is making assignments for the upcoming shift. What assignments should the charge nurse assign to an LPN?

• A client who has dehydration and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (Does not require complex medication administration or assessment.)

98. A nurse is in an emergency department monitoring the hydration status of a client receiving oral rehydration. What should the nurse intervene for?

• Heart rate 120/min. (Indicates dehydration; initiate intravenous (IV) fluid replacement.)

99. A nurse is documenting client care. Which of the following entries should the nurse identify as an example of implementation of client care?

• Contacted the provider to report client findings.

100. A charge nurse discovers that a nurse did not notify the provider that a client's condition had changed. The charge nurse should identify that the nurse is accountable for which of the following torts?

• Negligence.

101. A nurse is completing an admission assessment for a client who has hearing loss. What action should the nurse take?

• Use written communication to assist with communication.

102. A nurse is caring for a client who has dementia and frequently tries to get out of bed. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)

• Turn on the bed alarm.

• Maintain the bed in the lowest position.
• Encourage the family to stay with the patient.

103. A nurse is preparing a client for transfer to another unit. Which finding does the nurse include in the transfer report?

• Response to pain medication.
• Review of ongoing discharge plan.
• Recent physical changes.

104. A nurse in a provider's office is assessing the motor skill development of a 15 - month-old toddler during a well-child visit. What gross motor skills should the nurse expect?

• Walks without assistance using a wide stance.

105. A nurse is admitting a client who has recently developed fever, confusion, and a decreased level of consciousness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first after obtaining the client's history and assessment?

• Identify the client's needs.

106. A nurse is planning a community education program about colorectal cancer. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse identify as modifiable?

• Smoking.
• Alcohol consumption.
• High-fat diet.

107. A nurse is performing a focused assessment on a client who has a history of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and is experiencing dyspnea. Which of the findings should the nurse expect?

• Flaring of the nostrils. (Increased respiratory rate, increased depth of respiration, expected pulse oximetry reading of <90.)