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Athletic training BOC domain 1
What does a sphygmomanometer measure? - ✔Blood Pressure What does a Q angle greater than 25 indicate? - ✔Excessive genu valgus What do these signs indicate? Arm span greater than height pectus carinatum or excavatum high arched palate myopia - ✔Marfan's syndrome What is the maximum amount of air expired after a maximum inspiration called? - ✔Vital capacity What is myopia? - ✔Neersigntedness What are the four areas where skin folds are taken? - ✔Biceps, triceps,suprailliac, subscapular A sprint of 50 yards is a test of what system? - ✔Anaerobic capacity What is the definition of power? - ✔Power = force x distance During prolonged intense training, what cardiac change my occur over time? - ✔Increase in heart size How long (generally) should a "warm-up" be to adequately prepare the body for athletic performance? - ✔10 to 15 minutes On the average, a college athlete expends between (blank) and (blank) calories per day
- ✔2200 to 4400 An athlete's diet should consist of approximately ___ protein, __ fat, and __ carbohydrate. - ✔12-15%, 40-50%,, 55-70% The pre event meal should be eaten (blank) before competition to ensure digestion - ✔3-4 hours How many glasses of water should an athlete drink per day? - ✔8 or more What is pediculosis? - ✔lice How is the Q angle measured? - ✔From the center of the ASIS through the center of the knee cap, then from the center of the knee cap. A second line is drawn from the midline of the anterior thigh to the tibial tubercle. The angle created is the Q angle How much calcium should a female athlete who shows signs of bone loss consume a day? -
✔1500 mg When monitoring a carbohydrate loading program for an endurance athlete, what should the athlete do the day prior to competition? - ✔Eat a high carbohydrate meal and do little to no exercise Which organization certifies football helmets to make sure they are able to withstand repeated blows of high mass and low velocity? - ✔NOCSAE Football helmets may fall into 1 or 2 categories. - ✔Air/fluid filed; padded What structure should the cups and epaulets of shoulder pads cover? - ✔The deltoids A flak jacket is designed to protect the athlete after what type of injury? - ✔Rib injury Which organization sets the standard for eye protective equipment in racquet sports? - ✔ASTM What vitamin may help with the symptoms of premenstural syndrome? - ✔B A strict vegetarian might be lack which mineral? - ✔Iron Under which conditions are a person at risk for a stress fracture? - ✔A few high loads or many small loads are applied to the bone Which assessment should be used to assess maturity during a PPE? - ✔Tanners 5 sages of assessment What should the athletic trainer and the team physician do together during a PPE? - ✔Review each examination for final approval Who makes the final decision when it comes to an athlete being cleared for activity or not? - ✔Team physician When wrapping a hip flexor strain, what is the position of the patient who is being wrapped? - ✔Involved leg is in a neutral position with the knee slightly bent. What are the main components of a PPE? - ✔Medical history Physical exam Cardiovascular screening maturity assessment orthopedic screening wellness screening What are potentially lethal cardiovascular conditions found during the PPE? - ✔Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Aortic stenosis Marfan's syndrome What is stroke volume? - ✔the amount of blood ejected by the heart in any one contraction What is cardiac output? - ✔heart rate x stroke volume
What is an antioxidant? - ✔A nutrient that may be found in high amounts in fruit and vegetables and may protect the body from harmful agents What is keratoderma? - ✔- an inherited thickening of the horny layer of the epidermis -Callus What is a policy? - ✔Clear and accurate statements that identifies the basic rules and principles used to control and expedite decision making What is a procedure? - ✔the process by which something is done What are the five steps in evidence based practice? - ✔Develop a clinical question Search the literature Appraise the evidence Apply the best available evidence Assess the outcomes What are the levels of evidence? - ✔Systematic review & meta-analysis Randomized controlled trial Cohort study Case series Case-control study Clinical experience, expertise, and judgment What happens typically after age 35 regarding performance? - ✔Muscular endurance, coordination, strength all decrease What is an accident? - ✔Unplanned event capable of resulting in loss of time, property damage, injury, disablement, or even death What is an injury? - ✔Damage to the body that restricts activity or causes disablement to such an extent that the patient is unable to practice or compete the next day What is incidence of injury? - ✔analyzes the risk of sustaining an injury during some specified time period What is injury prevalence? - ✔analyzes the total number of injuries in a given population What is an incidence rate? - ✔number of new injuries that occur in a specific time period for a certain population What is injury exposure? - ✔Incidence of injuries per number of individual athlete exposures What is epidemiology? - ✔scientific study of factors affecting the health and illness of individuals and populations About what age do athletic capabilities peak? - ✔18- What is ergonomics? -
✔The science of designing products, machines, and systems to maximize the comfort, efficiency and safety of the people who use them What is cardiorespiratory endurance? - ✔The ability to perform whole body, large muscle activities for extended periods of time What is vo2 max? - ✔The greatest rate at which oxygen can be taken in and used during exercise What is maximum aerobic capacity? - ✔presented as the volume of oxygen used relative to body weight per unit of time vo2 max greatest rate at which oxygen can be taken in and used Greater exercise rate/intensity=greater oxygen consumption needed to perform What is the training effect? - ✔Stroke volume increases while heart rate is reduced as a result of training What is anaerobic respiration? - ✔Anaerobic respiration is the release of energy from glucose without using oxygen. This produces lactic acid. What is aerobic metabolism? - ✔The creation of energy through the breakdown of carbohydrates and fats in the presence of oxygen. What is muscular endurance? - ✔the ability to perform repetitive muscular contractions against some resistance for an extended period of time What is an isometric contraction? - ✔tension develops, but there is no change in the length of the muscle What is a concentric contraction? - ✔shortening of muscle What is an eccentric contraction? - ✔lengthening of muscle What is an isotonic contraction? - ✔the muscle shortens or lengthens while resisting a constant load What is an isokinetic contraction? - ✔tension developed by the muscle, while shortening or lengthening at a constant speed, is maximal over the full range of motion What is an agonist muscle? - ✔muscle that contracts during movement What is an antagonist muscle? - ✔A muscle that relaxes during joint movement What is autogenic inhibition? - ✔neural impulses that sense tension > than the impulses that cause muscles to contract -stretches should be held long enough for the GTO to override signal from muscle spindles (30s) What is ballistic stretching? -
tension by causing a reflex contraction of the antagonist muscle What is reciprocal inhibition? - ✔During relaxing phase, as isotonic contraction of agonist pulls extremity further into agonist pattern, a reflex relaxation of the antagonist (muscle being stretched) must occur to allow for agonist movement What is isometric exercise? - ✔Involves a muscle contraction in which the length of the muscle remains constant while tension develops toward a maximal force against an immovable resistance What is isotonic contraction? - ✔same tension, muscles are shortening or lengthening, joints are moving What is isokinetic exercise? - ✔Involves a muscle contraction in which the length of the muscle is changing while the contraction is performed at a constant velocity; in theory, maximal resistance is provided throughout the ROM by the machine What is the Karvonen equation? - ✔target training HR= resting HR+(0.6x[maxHR=restingHR]) What is fartlek training? - ✔Type of cross-country running; similar to interval training in that the athlete must run for a specified period of time; however, specific pace and speed are not identified Varied terrain What should be the caloric intake for carbs? - ✔55-70% What are examples of monosaccharides? - ✔found in fruits, syrups, and honey(ex-glucose) What are examples of disaccharides? - ✔milk sugar (lactose) and table sugar(sucrose)are combinations of monosaccharides What are starches? - ✔Complex carbohydrates = made up of long chains of glucose units (rice, potatoes, bread) Food sources of starch often provide vitamins and minerals What are examples of soluble fiber? - ✔includes gums and pectins (oatmeal, legumes, some fruits) What are examples of insoluble fiber? - ✔primarily cellulose (whole grain breads, bran cereals) What are fat soluble vitamins? - ✔A,K,D,E What are water soluble vitamins? - ✔C and B complex vitamins What are examples of antioxidants? - ✔Vitamin C, E and beta carotene What is the recommended caloric intake of dietary fats? - ✔40-50% What is the recommended caloric intake of proteins? -
What is metabolic heat production? - ✔normal metabolic function causes production and radiation of heat; level of increase in body heat depends on intensity of physical activity What is conductive heat exchange? - ✔physical contact with other objects can result ina heat gain or loss What is convective heat exchange? - ✔Heat loss or gain depending on the temperature of the circulating medium What is heat syncope? - ✔Caused by peripheral vasodilation of superficial vessels ,hypotension, or a pooling of blood in extremities, which results in dizziness, fainting, and nausea At what body temperature does heat stroke occur? - ✔>104 rectally What is the flash to bang method? - ✔count # seconds from sighting of lightning to hearing thunder,÷by Which 2 ways should Q angle be taken? - ✔Knee fully extended and knee flexed at 30 What are normal Q angle measurements for males and females? - ✔M- 13 F- 18 What is a q angle of bowlegged deformity? - ✔< What is a q angle of a knock kneed deformity? - ✔> What is the angle of inclination? What is normal? - ✔Angle between head and neck and shaft of femur About 125 What is the angle of inclination for coxa valga and coxa vara - ✔Coxa valga- more than 125 Coxa vara- less than 125 What is total lung capacity? - ✔the sum of vital capacity and residual volume What is tidal volume? - ✔volume of air entering and leaving in a single breath What is residual volume? - ✔Air in lungs after maximal expiration. Cannot be measured on spirometry What is the average number of foot spikes per mile? - ✔1500- What is a pronator? - ✔Someone who walks on the inside of their foot What is a type of shoe for people with a flat arch or pronators? - ✔A shoe with a straight last What is a type of shoe for people with a high arch or supinators? - ✔A shoe with a curved last What are supinators? - ✔People who walk on the outside of their foot
