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ASVAB General Science (2025)
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A major difference between a plant cell and an animal cell is A. plant cells do not reproduce. B. plant cells do not have cell walls. C. plant cells have chloroplasts. D. plant cells die after a year. - correct answer C. Plant cells do reproduce and they do have cell walls. Plant cells do not necessarily die af ter one year. Plant cells do contain chloroplasts, and an imal cells do not. The correct an swer is therefore choice C. Sponges, worms, insects, and amphibians belong to which of the following kingdoms? A. Monera B. Protista C. Plantae D. Animalia - correct answer D. All these creatures are animals and are part of the kingdom Animalia. What name is given to the global ecosystem? A. Atmosphere B. Hydrosphere C. Lithosphere D. Biosphere - correct answer D. An ecosystem is the collection of organisms, living and nonliving, along with the factors that affect them such as heat, light, landforms, gases, and the like. The atmosphere (choice A) is the air that surrounds Earth, the hydrosphere (choice B) is the water found in and on Earth, and the lithosphere (choice C) is the land on Earth. Biosphere is the name given to the global ecosystem. Choice D is the correct answer. Which of the following parts of a plant is (are) not digestible by humans? A. Cell wall B. Stomata C. Root hairs D. Tap root - correct answer A.
Stomata (choice B) are parts of a leaf and should be digestible in most plants. Root hairs (choice C) and roots (choice D) should be digestible as well. The cell wall (choice A) is made of cellulose, which is not digestible by humans. Choice A is the correct answer.
Bacteria and viruses can invade your body from all except which of the following? A. Mouth B. Nose C. Eyes D. Skin - correct answer D. Pathogens can enter your body from areas that are open and related to mucus like the mouth (choice A), nose (choice B), and eyes (choice C). The skin (choice D) is the first line of defense against viruses and bacteria, unless it is cut in some way. Choice D is the correct answer Most of the absorption of nutrients takes place in which part of the digestive system? A. Small intestine B. Mouth C. Large intestine D. Stomach - correct answer A.. The mouth (choice B) is the starting place of the digestive system where food begins to break down, but it is not the place where nutrients are absorbed. The large intestine (choice C) absorbs a lot of the liquid, but not much in the way of nutrients. The stomach (choice D) is important for the chemical breakdown of food into absorbable particles that can be absorbed by the small intestine (choice A). Choice A is the correct answer The autonomic system is not involved in controlling which of the following? A. Walking B. Digestion C. Heart rate D. Breathing - correct answer A. The autonomic system controls functions that are involuntary, such as breathing (choice D), heart rate (choice C), and digestion (choice B). Voluntary movements, such as walking (choice A) and other purposeful actions, are not controlled by the autonomic system. Choice A is the correct answer If one parent has two dominant genes for tallness (TT) and the other parent has two recessive genes for shortness (tt), what is the probability that the offspring will be tall? A. 25% B. 50% C. 75% D. 100%. - correct answer D. You can use Punnett Squares to determine the probability of offspring having certain characteristics. The dominant trait or allele is shown in capital letters, and the recessive allele is
in lower case letters. Father T Mother t t Tt Tt T Tt Tt From this it can be seen that every offspring will be tall. Choice D, 100%, is the correct answer. If an object is more than two focal lengths away from a convex lens, which of the following best represents what the image would look like? A. The image is larger and inverted. B. The image is smaller and inverted. C. The image is larger and upright. D. The image is smaller and upright. - correct answer B. If an object is more than two focal lengths away from a convex lens, the image would be smaller and inverted. The correct answer is choice B. An element's atomic mass is determined by which of the following? A. The number of protons and the number of electrons B. The number of protons, electrons, and neutrons C. The number of protons only D. The number of protons and the number of neutrons - correct answer D. An element's atomic mass is determined by the number of protons and neutrons it contains. Choice D is the correct answer. A rainbow is the outcome of which of the following behaviors of light? A. Diffusion B. Refraction C. Reflection D. Interference. - correct answer B. Light has many characteristics; one is that it bends when it changes speed as it passes through various materials. The degree of bending depends on the original frequency and the medium through which the light is passing. When a light wave moves through water (for example, through a raindrop), it forms a spectrum of colors we know as a rainbow. Although light diffuses (choice A) or spreads and can be reflected (choice C), these do not cause a rainbow. Bending of light is refraction, so choice B is the correct answer. Which of the following features indicate that continents such as Africa were once situated near the South Pole? A. Fault lines B. Glacial deposits C. Snow-capped mountains D. River deposits - correct answer B. In the past, when the continents were connected in a megacontinent called Pangaea, areas that are currently tropical or temperate, like Africa, South America, and India were closer to the
Know your planetary order: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The eighth from the sun is Neptune (choice D). Which of the following is NOT a possible effect of the global warming of Earth's atmosphere? A. Warmer weather might support an increase in tropical diseases such as malaria. B. Sea level might rise due to the melting of the polar ice caps. C. Earth's mesosphere might become more ionized, hindering space travel. D. The number of storms and hurricanes might increase. - correct answer C. If the atmosphere heats up over time to the point where the climate is changed (called global warming), that could have severe environmental effects. The warmer weather could indeed help increase the amount of area considered tropical, thus spreading tropical diseases such as malaria (choice A). If the temperature rises high enough, polar ice caps and glaciers would melt, thus raising the level of the oceans and seas (choice B). Since hurricanes are initiated by low pressure systems over warm waters, the number and severity of hurricanes could increase (choice D). All these are possibilities. We are seeing some evidence of global warming already. Scientists are debating whether the increase in global temperature is Severe storms are most likely to be created un der which of the following conditions? A. A cold front when the warm air it replaces rises quickly B. A warm front that is replacing cold air C. An occluded front where a fast-moving cold air mass replaces a slower warm air mass D. A stationary front that remains in place for several days. - correct answer A. A stationary front (choice D) means a front is not moving or not moving very fast. When a warm air mass is replacing cold air (choice B) or when an occluded front overtakes a warm air mass (choice C), the weather tends to be rainy across large areas around the front. The weather is not necessarily severe. A cold front that replaces warm air causing the warm air to up lift rapidly generally causes severe weather. Choice A is the correct answer Which of the following are features associated with glaciers? A. Cirques, aràtes, moraines B. Sinkholes, groundwater flow, stalactites C. Sedimentary rocks, conglomerates, shale D. Vents, calderas, hot spots - correct answer. A. Sinkholes, groundwater flow, and stalactites (choice B) are features related to groundwater. Sedimentary rocks, conglomerates, and shale (choice C) are related to a category of rocks called sedimentary rocks. Vents, calderas, and hot spots (choice D) are all associated with volcanism. Choice A, cirques, aràtes, and moraines, are features of glaciers. Choice A is the correct answer. A sea breeze is caused by which of the following conditions? A. The sea is warmer than the air.
B. The sea is warmer than the land. C. The land is warmer than the sea. D. The sea is colder than the air. - correct answer C. Land heats faster than water. As the land heats up, it warms the air above it. The air expands and rises, creating an upward current. The rising warm air is replaced by cooler air flowing in from over the water. This process creates a wind current that goes from the water to the land, called a sea breeze. In the evening the reverse takes place because the land cools faster than the water. The air current moves in the opposite di rection, from the land to the sea, and is called a land breeze. Choice C is the correct answer An atom of the same element that has different numbers of neutrons is called a(n) A. ion. B. isotope. C. compound. D. mixture.. - correct answer B. An atom of the same element that has a different number of neutrons is called an isotope
. Choice B is the correct answer Parts of a cell that store food, waste, and/or wa ter are called A. vacuoles. B. alleles. C. DNA. D. bacteria. - correct answer A The organelle responsible for holding heredi- tary information is the A. cell wall. B. chloroplasts. C. nucleus. D. vacuole. - correct answer C Which of the following is not a function of the plant root? A. Conduct photosynthesis B. Absorb nutrients C. Anchor the plant to the soil D. Store food - correct answer A Which of the following parts of a plant controls the amount of water within the plant? A. Stem B. Xylem C. Stomata D. Flower - correct answer C
What a person actually looks like as a result of his or her genetic makeup is called which of the following? A. Genotype B. Phenotype C. Mutation D. Variation - correct answer B Which of the following reasons makes the laser such a good surgical cutting tool? A. It makes incisions less prone to bacterial in fection. B. It makes an incision quickly. C. A lot of energy can be directed to a small area. D. The light is made of different wavelengths. - correct answer C Which of the following is required in order to change a solid to a liquid? A. Chemical compounds B. Neutrons C. Thermal energy D. Extra molecules - correct answer C The tendency of Earth's winds and surface wa ter currents to flow in a clockwise direction in the northern hemisphere is a result of which of the following? A. Doppler effect B. Convection effect C. Coriolis effect D. Compression effect - correct answer C Which type of volcano is the steepest, forming from alternating layers of lava and volcanic ash, cinders, and other materials from volcanic explosions? A. Composite volcano B. Fissure eruptions C. Cinder cone D. Shield volcano - correct answer A Which of the following represents the way the oceans were formed? A. Water flowed from the land to the lower areas of Earth's surface. B. Volcanoes released water vapor that eventually condensed to form rain that filled the ocean basins. C. Organisms during photosynthesis released oxygen, which then combined with hydrogen creating water that filled the ocean basins. D. Water trapped underground was released to the ocean basins after Earth's crust cooled. - correct answer B The strongest and highest tides occur under which of the following conditions? A. Hurricane force winds and heavy rains
B. The perpendicular alignment of the sun, Earth, and moon C. The vertical alignment of the sun, Earth, and moon D. An earthquake caused by faulting in the ocean floor - correct answer C The term that describes the time when the sun's rays are directly over the equator is A. season. B. solstice. C. equatorial tilt. D. equinox. - correct answer D The space between Mars and Jupiter is occupied by which of the following? A. Uranus B. Asteroids C. Comets D. Gas nebulas - correct answer B If there were no greenhouse effect, which would likely happen to Earth? A. Pollution would decrease. B. Earth would get colder. C. The ozone layer would increase. D. Plant and animal diversity would increase. - correct answer B Which of the following conditions is necessary to create a hurricane? A. A cold front in the tropics B. A low-pressure area over the tropical ocean C. A downdraft caused by air circulation D. Surface winds that form over the ocean and move toward land - correct answer B The process by which moisture from a lake en ters the atmosphere is called A. transpiration. B. condensation. C. evaporation. D. precipitation. - correct answer C The south pole of a magnet is attracted to which of the following? A. The geographic south pole B. The magnetic north pole C. The magnetic south pole D. The geographic north pole - correct answer B Which of the following is a substance that speeds up chemical reactions? A. Catalyst B. Ionic converter C. Inhibitor
- Which of the following characteristics describe ultraviolet radiation as compared to visible light? A. Less energy; lower frequency B. More energy; lower frequency C. Less energy; higher frequency D. More energy; higher frequency - correct answer D
- A candle burns for 2 hours. What happens to the total mass as a result of the burning? A. It decreases. B. It increases. C. It stays the same. D. It first decreases and then increases. - correct answer C
- Which of the following layers of Earth takes up the least amount of Earth's volume? A. Crust B. Mantle C. Lithosphere D. Core - correct answer A
- Tectonic plates that are moving away from one another create which of the following features? A. Rifts B. Ridges C. Currents D. Land bridges - correct answer A
- Sinking water that forms density currents is likely to have which of the following characteristics? A. Warm temperature and many animal inhabitants B. Swift-moving surface currents C. Cold temperatures and high salt content D. A high concentration of dissolved gases - correct answer C
- The tilt of Earth's axis as the planet orbits around the sun causes which of the following? A. Tides B. Day and night C. Bulging of Earth at the equator D. Seasons - correct answer D
- What causes the same side of the moon to always face Earth? A. Earth's gravitational pull on the moon B. The fast rotation of Earth in comparison to the moon C. The phases of the moon in comparison to the sun D. The friction of the moon in space - correct answer A
- Which of the following elements is not naturally a gas at room temperature? A. Sulfur B. Oxygen C. Neon D. Fluorine - correct answer A
- Most of Earth's weather takes place in which of the following atmospheric zones? A. Troposphere B. Stratosphere C. Thermosphere D. Exosphere - correct answer A
- Which layer in the atmosphere reflects radio waves and allows long-distance communication on Earth? A. Troposphere B. Stratosphere C. Thermosphere D. Ionosphere
- Which of the following is not an agent of erosion? A. Freezing and thawing B. Rivers C. Lava flows D. Lichen and mosses - correct answer C
- The sun's energy comes from which of the following processes? A. Sunspot formation B. Magnetic fields C. Fusion of hydrogen to make helium D. Prominences that eject highly charged solar particles - correct answer C
- When the nucleus of an atom gives up a particle and its energy in order to become more stable, the process is called which of the following? A. Ionization B. Refraction C. Radioactive decay D. Half-life - correct answer C
