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ASVAB Auto and Shop Information with
Complete Solutions 2023.
Mixture of Gas and Air (the fuel mixture) - correct answer What does the Internal Combustion engine burn?
- Intake
- Compression
- Power
- Exhaust - correct answer What are the 4 strokes that make up a cycle? (in car engine) Intake - correct answer This valve opens as the connecting rod pulls the piston down, drawing the gas/air mix into the cylinder Compression - correct answer The valves are closed. The connecting rod pushes the piston up, compressing gas/air mix Power - correct answer The spar plug ignites the gas/air mix, forcing the piston down. That pushes down on the connecting rod, turning the crankshaft; the crankshaft turns the flywheel, which keeps the engine going Exhaust - correct answer The valve opens as the connecting rod moves the piston back up, pushing out the exploded gases. The valves are times, of course, using pus rods attached to the camshaft. Inline - correct answer The name for cylinders that are arranged in one row V - correct answer The name for cylinders that are arranged in two rows Four-stroke, one-cycle engine - correct answer Most people refer to engines as four- cycle engines but this is false; what are they really called?
Tachometer - correct answer Instrument in a vehicle the measures revolutions per minute; rpm (e.g. when this displays 4,800 rpm, that means the engine is performing 4,800 cycles every minute) Fuel must be properly mixed with air and transported within the cylinder at the proper time - correct answer What must happen in order for the cycle to happen at all? Carburetors - correct answer are used (pre 1990) to mix the fuel and air mechanically. As air moves quickly through this, it creates a vacuum, which draws more and more fuel into the mixture Fuel Injectors - correct answer the air/fuel mixture function. Fuel Injector - correct answer The have replaced carburetors on newer cars to perform acts as the fuel-dispensing nozzle. It injects liquid fuel directly in to the engine's air stream. (In almost all cases it requires an external pump) Electronic Fuel Injection computer - correct answer EFI computer stands for? Determines the amount of fuel entering the engine: receives information from the sensors in the fuel, air, and exhaust system, and from that information, it determines how much fuel the engine needs to operate at optimum levels - correct answer What does the EFI computer do? Throttle - correct answer is mechanically connected to the carburetor OR is electronically connected to the EFI computer Advancing (opening) the throttle causes more fuel to be transferred to the carburetor or the fuel injectors. The accelerator (gas pedal) is connected to the throttle by mechanical linkages. The harder you push on the gas pedal, the farther the throttle is advanced (opened). Thus, more fuel is transported to the carburetor or fuel injectors. - correct answer What does a Throttle do?
Starter - correct answer An electric motor powered by the battery that starts the engine when you turn the key Alternator - correct answer This sends an electric current back to the battery to keep the battery charged and also powers the other electronic gadgets on your car when the engine is running Ignition system - correct answer This supplies a high-voltage current to the spark plugs to ignite the fuel mixture in the cylinders Ignition system - correct answer The system takes the 12-volt current from the battery, steps it up to about 20,000 volts, and then sends the current to the spark plugs Coil - correct answer In older cars, this device uses electromagnetic induction to step up the voltage (ignition system) Distributer - correct answer After leaving the coil, the current then passes through , an electrical/mechanical switching device; controls the timing of the spark-plug discharges (ignition system, older cars) Breaker points - correct answer A rotating shaft and a switch within the distributer that routes the current through wires to the spark plugs (ignition system, older cars) Condenser - correct answer This absorbs excess current and protects the breaker points from the damage by the high-voltage surge Solid-state electronics controlled by a computer - correct answer In modern ignition systems, the distributer, coil, breaker points, and condenser have been replaced by what? Computer - correct answer A controls the ignition system and adjusts it to provide maximum efficiency in a variety of driving conditions
Drive System - correct answer Transfers the power of the engine to the wheels, making them move Axle - correct answer The shaft on which the wheels revolve Universal Joint - correct answer Allows the axle to move up and down without breaking the drive shaft Drive Shaft - correct answer The connecting component that carries torque and transmits rotation Gears - correct answer These are located on the axle and allow the vehicle to make turns Axle shafts - correct answer These turn the wheels Rear-wheel drive Front-wheel drive All-wheel drive (four-wheel drive) - correct answer What are the 3 ways wheels turn on vehicles Rear-wheel drive - correct answer The rear wheels push the car. The drive shaft extends from the transmission to the rear axle. Front-wheel drive - correct answer The front wheels pull the car. The drive shaft extends from the transmission to the front axle. All-wheel drive (four-wheel drive) - correct answer All wheels push and pull the car at the same time. The drive shaft extends from the transmission to both axles. Transmission Rear - correct answer The changes the speed of the engine in relation to the speed of the wheels in rear-wheel drive.
Brake pedal Drum brakes &/or Disc brakes - correct answer Components of a Brake system Brake lines - correct answer Run from the master cylinder, these are filled with brake fluid Brake pedal - correct answer This applies pressure to the master cylinder, which sends pressure (and brake fluid) through the break lines. Drum Brakes - correct answer In this type of brake, the lines are connected to a hydraulic cylinder on each wheel. This cylinder contains pistons that move outward and force 2 brake shoes against the metal drum that rotates the wheel. Disc Brakes - correct answer In this brake system, the master cylinder forces a caliper, containing a piston, with brake shoes on each side, to squeeze against a rotating disc in each wheel, thus stopping the car by using fluid and releasing hot air. True - correct answer True or False Most modern cars use both drum brakes and disc brakes Drum Brakes - correct answer Brakes usually installed on the rear wheels. Consists of a rotating drum with shoes that expand to rub the inside of a drum Disc Brakes - correct answer Brakes usually installed on the front wheels. Uses pads that pinch a rotating disc Emissions-control systems - correct answer System placed on cars to prevent pollutants (partially combusted fuel/unburned fuel) from poisoning the atmosphere Positive-crankcase ventilation Air-injection system Catalytic converter
Exhaust-gas-recirculation system - correct answer Components of Emission-control systems Positive-crankcase ventilation - correct answer An old method (still in use) that forces unburned or partially burned fuel back into the cylinder so the fuel can be burned Air-injection system - correct answer System that forces air into the engine's exhaust system to burn unburned or partially burned fuel before the fuel comes out the exhaust pipe Catalytic converter - correct answer Oxidizes hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide into water vapor and carbon dioxide; this system doesn't control other types of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides Exhaust-gas-recirculation system - correct answer Helps control nitrogen-oxide emissions by forcing some of the gases back into the cylinders Striking Tools - correct answer Tools that apply driving force to an object Hammer Mallet Sledge - correct answer 3 Striking tools Hammer - correct answer A striking tool that consists of a handle, a head, a face (part of tool that touches the nail or fastener), a claw (to pull nails), and a wedge that attaches the head to the handle. Mallet - correct answer A striking tool that is used to strike another tool or to strike a surface without damaging it. Sledge - correct answer A striking tool that is used to drive bolts and chisels and to break rock. Fastening Tools - correct answer These tools apply fasteners (e.g. screws) to objects
Torque wrenches - correct answer These wrenches apply additional leverage to a fastener. These wrenches look like a socket wrench but have additional internal mechanisms designed to measure and limit the amount of torque (force) being applied. Pipe wrenches - correct answer These wrenches have serrated jaws and grip round objects. Screwdrivers - correct answer A fastening tool that turns screws Standard screwdriver Phillips screwdriver Allen wrench Offset screwdriver - correct answer 4 types of Screwdrivers Standard screwdriver - correct answer A screwdriver that has a flat blade at one end of the shank (the other end of the shank goes into the handle). Phillips screwdriver - correct answer A screwdriver that has a blade shaped like a cross; this blade fits into a cross-shaped Phillips screw head Allen wrench - correct answer A screwdriver that fits hexagonal screw heads. Offset screwdriver - correct answer A screwdriver that has the shank set at an angle to the blade to allow the tool to be used in cramped spaces; these can have a standard blade, phillips blade, or any number of other blades Pliers - correct answer A fastening tool that can be used to fasten and unfasten fasteners, hold objects, and cut material. When the handles are squeezed the jaws of this tool come together Long-nose or needle-nose Curved-nose Slip-joint
Wrench or vise-grip Cutting - correct answer 5 types of Pliers Long-nose or needle-nose - correct answer These pliers have tapered jaws that can hold small objects or fit into small spaces Curved-nose pliers - correct answer These pliers have curved jaws Slip-joint pliers - correct answer These pliers can be adjusted so the handles lock in a certain position Wrench or vise-grip pliers - correct answer These pliers have serrated jaws that clamp onto and hold objects of all shapes Cutting pliers - correct answer These pliers are used to cut wire Cutting Tools - correct answer These tools use sharp blades to cut through metal, wood, or other materials; have teeth Fewer - correct answer A saw with teeth is used for rough work, like cutting wood to size. More - correct answer A saw with teeth cuts more finely and is used for more delicate work, like sawing joints and lightweight pieces of wood Bolt cutters Circle snips Crosscut saw Coping saw Hacksaw Pipe cutters and tube cutters Ripsaw
Auger bits - correct answer Drill bits that have a long deep spiral flute for easy chip removal; length7- 10 inches; most commonly used with a brace for drilling holes in wood Punches - correct answer A tool that has a sharp end that is placed against the material to be punctured; the other end is struck with a hammer Center punch - correct answer Used to mark where a drilled hole is to be placed; this keeps the drill bit in position and prevents the drill from jumping to another part of the material Chisels - correct answer Tools made of steel that have a sharp cutting edge; used to chip or cut metal of wood Metal-cutting chisel Wood-cutting chisel - correct answer 2 types of Chisel Metal-cutting chisel - correct answer Chisels that cut metal; usually struck with a mallet to make the cut. 2 different shapes: cold chisel & round chisel Cold chisel - correct answer A flat chisel used for cutting metals without using heating torches or forges Round chisels - correct answer A metal-cutting chisel used to make circular cuts Wood-cutting chisel - correct answer Chisels that cut wood. Some are struck with a mallet; others only require the pressure of your hands Socket chisel - correct answer A wood-cutting chisel struck with a mallet not hand Butt chisel - correct answer A wood-cutting chisel that has a short blade and is used for in-close work
Mortising chisel - correct answer A wood-cutting chisel that has a narrow blade made for chiseling out the narrow mortises in joints Framing chisel - correct answer A wood-cutting chisel that has a heavy, strong blade meant for rough work Filing and Finishing tools - correct answer These tools are used to sharpen the blades of other tools and to smooth the edges of cut metal objects Single-cut files Double-cut files Flate files and half-round files Square and round files - correct answer 4 types of Files Single-cut file - correct answer These files are used for finishing work and sharpening blades Double-cut file - correct answer These files are used for rough work Flat files and half-round files - correct answer These files are used for general purposes Square and round files - correct answer These files fit square and round openings Planes - correct answer Type of finishing tool used to prepare wood for final finishing and to fit doors and trip; consists of a handle, knob, frame, sole, and a mouth Bench Planes - correct answer Used to smooth surfaces (longer planes give a more uniform surface by shaving off a portion of the wood Clamping Tools - correct answer A device used to hold or fasten objects securely so they won't move while working on them
Thickness guages Thread gauges Wire guages - correct answer Types of measuring tools Calipers - correct answer A measuring tool used for very exact and small measurements. These can be used with a rule to measure diameter; the legs of this tool curve IN to measure OUTSIDE curves and curve OUT to measure INSIDE curves. Depth Gauges - correct answer A measuring device used to measure the depth of holes Thickness Gauges - correct answer A measuring device used to measure the thickness of small opening Thread Gauges - correct answer A measuring device that measures the number of threads per inch in threaded fasteners Wire Gauges - correct answer A measuring device that measures the thickness of wire Square - correct answer A tool used to check the trueness (accuracy) of an angle; has 2 arms, called the Blade and the Tongue, that meet at a right angle Sliding T-bevel - correct answer A tool used for setting and transferring angles. The handle is usually made of wood or plastic and is connected to a metal blade with a thumbscrew or wing nut. The blade pivots and can be locked at any angle by loosening or tightening the thumbscrew. Levels - correct answer A tool that shows whether a surface is true; has 1 or more small tubes filled with liquid and an air bubble Plumb bob - correct answer A heavy weight that is suspended from a line; it indicates vertical trueness Penny System - correct answer The way nail length is measured; abbreviated with a d.
(a ten-penny nail is a 10d nail) Spikes - correct answer Nails that are larger than 20 - penny. These are measured in inches Brads & finishing nails Common nails Double-headed nails - correct answer 3 types of Nails Brads and finishing nails - correct answer These nails have heads that are made to fit flush with or slightly below the surface of the wood Common nails - correct answer These nails are the most commonly used nails Double-headed nails - correct answer These nails have 2 heads, one lower than the other, and a point on the other end. The nail is driven to the lower head but can be pulled out of the material because of the remaining higher head. Used for temporary construction that will be taken apart Fasteners - correct answer Nails, screws, and bolts are? Wood screws - correct answer Screws that are used to fasten wood Lag screws - correct answer Screws that have square- or hexagon-shaped heads Bolts - correct answer Fasteners that have flat ends and don't thread into wood. Held in place by a nut (which is what actually screws into the threads) and washer. Machine screws - correct answer These screws are used to fasten metal parts, sometimes used with nuts; come in various lengths and widths and have a wide variety of heads
