Assignment Virneanu Nicolai Networking, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications

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ICON College of Technology and Management

Department of Computing

HND in Computing

Unit 2: Networking

Lecturer: Anum Tanveer Kiyani

Submitted by: Virneanu Nicolai

ID No: 18318

Session: Summer 2021

Table of content

• LAN, MAN, WAN..........................................................................................................................................
• Network topologies.....................................................................................................................................
• OSI model and TCP/IP model.....................................................................................................................
• Networking Protocols................................................................................................................................
• IEEE 802.3 & IEEE 802.11...........................................................................................................................
• Networking Equipment..............................................................................................................................
• Software Equipment..................................................................................................................................
• Type of servers.......................................................................................................................................... - Web Server........................................................................................................................................ - File Server.......................................................................................................................................... - DHCP.................................................................................................................................................. - DNS Server.........................................................................................................................................
• Block Diagram and Packet Tracer Diagram................................................................................................
• Network Evaluation...................................................................................................................................
• Installation process of DHCP Server...........................................................................................................
• Installation process of EMAIL Server.........................................................................................................
• Installation process of HTTP server............................................................................................................
  • Maintenance schedule:.........................................................................................................................
  • Configuration Table for 1 Router, 1 PC and 1 server:.............................................................................
  • PC Configuration....................................................................................................................................
  • Access Point Configuration....................................................................................................................
• Laptop Configuration.................................................................................................................................
• Troubleshooting/Testing Results...............................................................................................................
• Network Design Evidence..........................................................................................................................
• Reference List............................................................................................................................................

Local Area Network Benefits and Drawbacks: Advantages Disadvantages Users can easily and quickly exchange data and messages Limitation of distance A single server can hold data from all of the connected machines All machines may be affected if the server crashes Multiple users can use the programs with the same license It is costly to set up a LAN Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a type of network that delivers services to cities, public libraries, airports, and large university campuses. MAN can also be defined as a combination of multiple point-to-point connected LANs. Metropolitan area networks often use fiber optic connections to increase the speed of data transmission. Figure 2 is a representation of a MAN. Fig 2: Metropolitan Area Network [Metropolitan area networks, n.d.]

Metropolitan Area Network's Benefits and Drawbacks Advantages Disadvantages The speed can reach easily up to 100 Mbps, due to using fiber optics. If get’s bigger it is difficult to manage due to extra configuration. In some installations, users can share their internet connection. It can be easily attacked by the hackers, so the data can be leaked. Sending emails fast and free Extra cables are necessary to connect two types of this network WAN is an acronym for Wide Area Network, a network that provides image, video, data, and voice transmission in a large geographic area (Rehman, 2018a). This network is made up of a mix of local and metropolitan area networks. A schematic representation of a wide area network is shown in Figure 3. Fig 3: Wide Area Network [Rehman, 2018]

The Benefits and Drawbacks of Bus Topology Advantages Disadvantages Installing and maintaining the system is simple A single malfunctioning node can bring the entire network to a halt Can be extended easily Not good for high traffic Because there is only one transmission line, it is extremely dependable Because there is no one point of control, troubleshooting is tough In a ring topology, nodes form a ring around one other, and each node is connected to two other nodes. The ring topology is shown in Figure 5 below. Fig 5: Ring Topology [Rehman, 2019b]

The Benefits and Drawbacks of Ring Topology: Advantages Disadvantages Cost-effective Failure of single node brings down the whole network The transferring data speed is high Troubleshooting is difficult The maintenance of this topology is easy Not easy to remove one or more nodes while keeping the rest of the network intact A star topology is a network topology in which a central computer, hub, or switch connects all nodes. The connected nodes are referred to as clients, and the central computer, switch, or hub is referred to as a server. Nodes in a star topology are connected indirectly through a central hub. Figure 6 shows the star topology diagram. Fig 6: Star Topology [Rehman, 2019c]

Client - Server - it is a network in which client computers are linked to server computers. Figure 8.It has a central management point. The main problem is that if the server goes down, the entire network will go down. The other problems in the Client Server system are that expertise is required, and the server is quite expensive and secure. Fig 8: Client-Server [Rehman, 2021b] Cloud Computing it is a network with storage space on the Internet and any user who logs into the server can use the data. There are many examples, such as Google Drive, DropBox, Office 365, etc. Using cloud computing has many benefits, such as remote data storage, no maintenance costs, and easy upgrades. Figure 9 shows the cloud computing network.

Fig 9: Cloud Computing [Man pointing a cloud computing diagram, n.d.] OSI model and TCP/IP model Open Systems Interconnection ( OSI) is an acronym for Open Systems Interconnection. It was developed by ISO - "International Organization for Standardization" in 1984. It is a 7- layer architecture, as shown in Figure 10, each layer has a specific function to perform.

Differences between TCP/IP and OSI Model are shown in the table below: TCP/IP Model OSI Model Has 4 layers Has 7 layers Doesn't have a lot of restrictions Has stringent limitations More reliable Less reliable Real implemented model in networking Reference model to understand the communication between computers on Networks Protocols cannot be replaced easily Protocols are more comprehensive and easy to replace Networking Protocols HTTP (Hyper text transfer protocol) - It is the beginning of any network data exchange and is a client-server protocol, which implies that the request is made by the receiver, in many cases the web browser. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. It's a protocol that allows you to send encrypted HTTP data over a secure connection. HTTPS also ensures the security of data transmitted over a network, particularly public networks like Wi-Fi.

SMTP - It is a protocol for sending e-mail over a network. There are two types of SMTP protocols: an end-to-end method for communication between different organizations, and a store-and-forward method for communication within an organization or company. DHCP (Dynamic host configuration protocol): it is a protocol that configures addresses automatically. There are three methods for assigning IP addresses: automatic, manual, and dynamic. The domain name system (DNS) It provides us with an easy way to determine where we want to visit on the Internet. DNS is responsible for converting word addresses to IP addresses: 1 Check the local cache. 2 Requested cache from ISP. 3 Ask the name server. IEEE 802.3 & IEEE 802. IEEE 802.3 - it is called the Ethernet standard, which defines the physical layer and data link layer media access control of wired Ethernet. In most cases, it is called Local Area Network (LAN) technology (Techopedia, 2014). IEEE 802.11 - It is defined as a set of wireless local area network standards. IEEE 802.11 is, in other words, a set of technical guidelines for implementing WiFi. Products sold under this trademark are monitored by industry trade associations on behalf of the WiFi Alliance. IEEE 802.11 originated from a Federal Communications Commission decision in 1985, which opened the ISM frequency band for unlicensed use. The standard was officially released in 1997. The original standard was called IEEE 802.111997 and is now obsolete (Techopedia, 2011a).

and provide functions for a "client," which is another computer, device, or software.

Access Point

A wireless access point is a physical device or node on a local area network that connects wirelessly equipped devices and wired networks using wireless standards.

Firewall

Firewalls protect private networks from unauthorised access and are commonly used to prevent unauthorised web users or illicit malware from gaining access to private networks connected to the Internet.

Software Equipment

Name of software Specification/Properties Diagram

Windows Server 2008

CPU – 2 GHz RAM – 2 GB HDD – 50 GB

Bitdefender ANTIVIRUS PLUS Real-time data protection Rescue environment Privacy features Gmail Achiving emails for easy search Microsoft Office 2016 RAM Memory – 1 GB Ram; Hard Disk – 3 GB Available; Graphics hardware acceleration requires a DirectX10 graphics card and 1024 x 576 resolution. Teamviewer 13 Remote device control VPN Alternative

Type of servers

Web Server Web servers are software and hardware that reply to customers requests received over the Internet using HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and other protocols. A web server's primary function is to display website content to users by storing, processing, and transmitting web pages. The Web server also supports SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and FTP (File

To make a network system for D&M Net LTD, I chose DNS, DHCP and HTTP servers. Since the company offers remote network management services, its customers need to visit the D&M Net LTD website, which can be completed via DNS and HTTP. Considering the given scenario, I use the ring topology for the following reasons:  Terminal devices can be added without affecting network performance;  Equal access to resources;  No server is required to control the nodes in the topology;  Low installation and expansion costs.

Block Diagram and Packet Tracer Diagram

For the purpose of D&M Net LTD expanding their business requirements I have created the new network design according to the requirements. This is a LAN network which has 4 departments and it is shown bellow.

Fig. 12: The block diagram of my network design for D&M Net LTD