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A series of questions related to molecular bonding and structure, including sketching mo diagrams, determining bond orders, electronegativities, and predicting molecular shapes. Students are asked to identify paramagnetic and diamagnetic ions, non-polar and polar molecules, and apply vsepr theory.
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1- Sketch an MO diagram to describe the bonding in [He 2 ] 2+
. From the result, you can say that: a) the ion is paramagnetic b) the ion has a bond order of zero c) the ion is likely to be less stable than He 2 d) the ion is diamagnetic 2- Sketch an MO diagram for O 2. Using the information in the diagram, which statement is incorrect? a) O 2 is diamagnetic b) The bond order in O 2 is 2 c) The bonding in O 2 has a π -component. d) The bonding in O 2 has a σ -component. 3- Which of the following molecules is non-polar? a) BCl 3 b) SO 2 c) H 2 S d) OF 2 4- For which of the following molecules would VSEPR theory predict a trigonal pyramidal structure? a) PF 3 b) BF 3 c) ClF 3 d) BrF 3 5- The correct ordering of the electronegativities of the following atoms is: a) N < O < H b) H < N < O c) H < O < N d) O < N < H 6- Select the better choice in each of the following, and explain your selection briefly: a. Higher ionization energy: Ca or Sr b. Higher ionization energy: Mg or Al c. Higher electron affinity: C or N 7- Use the Lewis structure model to deduce the type of nitrogen–nitrogen bond present in (a) N 2 H 4 , (b) N 2 F 4 , (c) N 2 F 2 and (d) [N 2 H 5 ]+. (a) single , (b) single, (c) double (d) single
8- Determine the shapes of each of the following molecules and then, using the data in Table 2 .2, state whether each i s expected to be polar or not: ( a) H 2 S; (b) CO 2 ; (c) SO 2 ; (d) BF 3 ; (e) PF 3 ; (f) cis- N 2 F 2 ; (g) trans-N 2 F 2 ; (h) HCN. ( a) bent, polar; (b)linear, nonpolar; (c) bent, polar; (d) trigonal planar, nonpolar; (e) trigonal pyramidal, polar; (f) planar, polar; (g) planar, nonpolar; (h) linear, polar. 9- (a) Use MO theory to determine the bond order in each of [He 2 ]
and [He 2 ] 2+ . (b) Does the MO pictur e of the bonding in these ions sugg est that they a re viab le species? (a) 1/2, 1; (b) yes (H 2 and [He 2 ] 2 + are isolectronic) 10- Account for each of the following observations. (a) IF 5 is a polar molecule. (square pyramidal molecule) (b) The first ionization energy of K is lower than that of Li. (4s electron in K better shielded from nuclear charge). (c) BI 3 is trigonal planar while PI 3 is trigonal pyramidal in shape. (BI 3 has no lone pair).