Assessing the Challenges and Vulnerabilities in Yemen | Study notes Geology

Country assessment: Yemen answers

Geographic Information:Yemen, situated in the Middle East is located at the southwestern

corner of the Arabian Peninsula and is mountainous with little rain.The country is not

landlocked, it is a demonym country. Rivers that provide navigation for trade, Yemen does not

have any permanent rivers but does have numerous wadis, which is either permanently or

intermittently dry riverbed.Yemen has access to 10 ports, but their main one is a cargo seaport

located in Aden. Another cargo port exists at Hodeidah.Yemen’s biggest trade partners are

China and Saudi Arabia. Turkey is another major source of imports. Other major destinations of

Yemen’s exports are Thailand, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates, and Oman. Yemen imports

grains, food products, chemicals, and machinery. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

is supporting Yemen through its Global Maritime Crime Programme to provide technical

assistance to The Yemen Coast Guard to build the required Maritime Law Enforcement skills

needed to conduct operations to exercise control over Yemen's territorial seas. After being

embroiled in a 5-year long civil war and now in the clutches of the COVID-19 pandemic, life is

even harder in Yemen, unpaved roads restrict access to vital services, resources, education,

employment opportunities, and food supplies. Geography hinders economic growth by not being

able to produce and export any goods from the country.

The armed conflict between the Saudi-led coalition and the Houthi armed group as well as the humanitarian crisis has

contributed to creating unspeakable suffering for millions of civilians. The conflict has killed and injured thousands of

civilians. The coalition has conducted scores of indiscriminate and disproportionate airstrikes hitting civilian objects in

violation of the laws of war, using munitions sold by the United States, United Kingdom, and others. Houthi forces have

used banned antipersonnel landmines and fired artillery indiscriminately into populated areas and indiscriminately

launched ballistic missiles into Saudi Arabia. The Houthi rebels have been accused of obstructing aid deliveries and

distribution. Houthi forces, the Yemeni government, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia, and various UAE

and Saudi-backed Yemeni armed groups have arbitrarily detained and forcibly disappeared scores of people. Houthi

forces have held people hostage. Yemeni officials have beaten, raped, tortured, and detained migrants and asylum seekers

from the Horn of Africa. Despite mounting evidence of violations of international law by the parties to the conflict, efforts

toward accountability have been grossly inadequate.

Yemenmix of internal, regional, and transborder combatants.

Causes of war (the case of Yemen):

Internal: incomplete unification of political institutions & legitimacy

Regional: Saudi response to the Arab Spring 2011

Transborder: Al-qaeda & ISIS (terrorism); Coalition troops direct intervention [key fronts map]

Demographic and Health Data: population, including male-female population 30,490,639

racial and ethnic ratios; racial: Arab and afro Arab. ethnic:The largest ethnic group in Yemen is

the Arabs, followed by the Europeans, South Asians, and Afro-Arabs. Most minority

communities left the region after the South and North Yemen were established. Rural:

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Country assessment: Yemen answers Geographic Information : Yemen, situated in the Middle East is located at the southwestern

corner of the Arabian Peninsula and is mountainous with little rain. The country is not

landlocked, it is a demonym country. Rivers that provide navigation for trade, Yemen does not have any permanent rivers but does have numerous wadis, which is either permanently or intermittently dry riverbed. Yemen has access to 10 ports, but their main one is a cargo seaport located in Aden. Another cargo port exists at Hodeidah. Yemen’s biggest trade partners are China and Saudi Arabia. Turkey is another major source of imports. Other major destinations of Yemen’s exports are Thailand, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates, and Oman. Yemen imports grains, food products, chemicals, and machinery. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime is supporting Yemen through its Global Maritime Crime Programme to provide technical assistance to The Yemen Coast Guard to build the required Maritime Law Enforcement skills needed to conduct operations to exercise control over Yemen's territorial seas. After being embroiled in a 5-year long civil war and now in the clutches of the COVID-19 pandemic, life is even harder in Yemen, unpaved roads restrict access to vital services, resources, education, employment opportunities, and food supplies. Geography hinders economic growth by not being able to produce and export any goods from the country. The armed conflict between the Saudi-led coalition and the Houthi armed group as well as the humanitarian crisis has contributed to creating unspeakable suffering for millions of civilians. The conflict has killed and injured thousands of civilians. The coalition has conducted scores of indiscriminate and disproportionate airstrikes hitting civilian objects in violation of the laws of war, using munitions sold by the United States, United Kingdom, and others. Houthi forces have used banned antipersonnel landmines and fired artillery indiscriminately into populated areas and indiscriminately launched ballistic missiles into Saudi Arabia. The Houthi rebels have been accused of obstructing aid deliveries and distribution. Houthi forces, the Yemeni government, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia, and various UAE and Saudi-backed Yemeni armed groups have arbitrarily detained and forcibly disappeared scores of people. Houthi forces have held people hostage. Yemeni officials have beaten, raped, tortured, and detained migrants and asylum seekers from the Horn of Africa. Despite mounting evidence of violations of international law by the parties to the conflict, efforts toward accountability have been grossly inadequate. Yemenmix of internal, regional, and transborder combatants. Causes of war (the case of Yemen): Internal: incomplete unification of political institutions & legitimacy Regional: Saudi response to the Arab Spring 2011 Transborder: Al-qaeda & ISIS (terrorism); Coalition troops direct intervention [key fronts map] Demographic and Health Data : population, including male-female population 30,490, racial and ethnic ratios; racial: Arab and afro Arab. ethnic:The largest ethnic group in Yemen is the Arabs, followed by the Europeans, South Asians, and Afro-Arabs. Most minority communities left the region after the South and North Yemen were established. Rural:

18,292,399 ,/urban population; 37.27 percent population variables (birth rate-increasing/decreasing; The birth rate for Yemen in 2020 was 29.599 births per 1000 people, a 1.84% decline from 2019 male/female ratio; female:49.618 male: 1.02 life-expectancy including male/female differences; Male: 64.7 years female: 69.3 years disability-adjusted life years (life expectancy adjusted for those living with disabilities); 4 million. dependency ratio (ration of elderly to youth), 0-14 years: 39.16% (male 5,711,709 /female 5,513,526) 15-24 years: 21.26% (male 3,089,817 /female 3,005,693) 25-54 years: 32.78% (male 4,805,059 /female 4,591,811) 55-64 years: 4% (male 523,769 /female 623,100) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 366,891 /female 435,855)

as well as others significant for your population, such as HIV rates. 11,000 What impact does

specific demographic and health characteristics have on the quality of life and well-being of the country? If there is a high mortality rate due to HIV, then this “robs” a country of its workers, especially if it is the young adults that are at the highest risk. Economic Indicators : employment issues (large unemployed, youth?) Yemen unemployment rate for 2019 was 12.91%, a 0.09% decline from 2018. less than $3.10 a day. Labor is an every day reality for around 23% of children between 5 and 14 years old in Yemen. The prevalence of forced labour in this country is all the more serious, as the abuse of these children is massive.distribution of earnings; Yemen is the poorest country in the Middle East, and income is very unevenly distributed. distribution of income (Gini Index); Yemen GINI index was 38. % in 2017 -( the single year for which the data is available at the moment). Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Growth; 22.58 billion USD (2019) it had a 2.1 annual change Poverty rates: 75 % :( populationl living on $1/day; 3.2 % of population living on $2/day? 42% What does this mean for the overal well-being of the population – or for specific categories of people? What is it important to know? The amount of Yemen's population that now lives in poverty, defined as less than $3.10 a day, hovers around 75%. If extreme poverty by 2022 were to occur, they would exist on less than $1.90 a day. This could deepen many problems like they have now such as exacerbated economic problems, unemployment, and shortages of food, water, and medical resources. Political Information : Is it a democratic (decentralized government), autocratic (centralized government), or communist (centralized government) country? Democratic country. To what degree are people allowed to exercise their civil and political rights? Political rights are 1/ and civil is 10/60. Theyre almost not allowed. Its on a low degree. The constitution declares Islam the state religion and sharia the source of all legislation. It provides for freedom of thought

people in Yemen affected by violent conflict and a growing health crisis that now includes COVID-19. UNICEF: As a non-profit organization, UNICEF finds ways to provide relief and emergency support to those in need. Emergency relief and support may include necessities such as vaccines, water, nutrition and school supplies. During the Yemen crisis, UNICEF has been able to provide support within each government in Yemen. Often, you may find there are laws and policies, but they have not been implemented. You can do an overview of the some of the policies and legal frameworks addressing certain vulnerable groups; any programs (social safety nets) that exist or other capacity-building initiatives. For example, is there a social work profession or schools of social work? Are there NGO’s that are providing some of the services? Yes, NGOs is helping. Some examples, Feeding 1000 Poor Rural School Girls in Yemen, providing free water and humanitarian aids, blankets for vulnerable yemeni families, giving to starving families, girls staying in school, and friendly spaces for children affected by war. Challenges for the Country : What are some of the challenges that you see for the country:Yemen is experiencing the largest humanitarian crisis in its history. 12 MILLION children are in need for food, water, shelter and medicine. Children are fighting an epidemic, a pandemic, famine and a WAR at the same time. overall, such as reducing the number of children separated from their families; improving maternal-child health; reducing corruption within the government; About two decades ago, corruption became rampant under the former regime. Ever since, in the absence of a system of control and accountability, it is now reflected in every area of public and private affairs. addressing environmental pollution: One of their biggest problems right now is the run out of water. or climate change? Yemen is highly vulnerable to climate change-related impacts such as drought, extreme flooding, pests, sudden disease outbreaks, changes of rainfall patterns, increased storm frequency/severity and sea level rise. You can review the country’s Sustainable Development Goals to see what some targets are for change. These are the goals the UN is working on in Yemen: No poverty, zero hunger, good health and well being, quality education, gender equality, cleanse water and sanitation, affordable clean energy, Decent work and economic growth, Industry innovation, Reduced inequalities, Sustainable cities and communities, Responsible consumption and production, Climate action, Life on land, And peace / Justice Websites :

https://www.nationmaster.com/ https://www.refworld.org/ https://www.unicef.org/emergencies/yemen-crisis https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/yemen/overview https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=YE https://www.indexmundi.com/yemen/demographics_profile.html https://www.unicef.org/emergencies/yemen-crisis https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/you-arent-hearing-about-yemens-biggest-problems/ https://www.globalgiving.org/search/?size=25&nextPage=1&sortField=sortorder&selectedCountr ies=00yemen&loadAllResults=true https://www.unodc.org/middleeastandnorthafrica/en/web-stories/yemen_-countering-maritime-cri me.html ( rest of the info I got from your websites)

Assessing the Challenges and Vulnerabilities in Yemen, Study notes of Geology

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corner of the Arabian Peninsula and is mountainous with little rain. The country is not

as well as others significant for your population, such as HIV rates. 11,000 What impact does