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ASLP 3030 Exam: Comprehensive Questions and Answers on Speech Acoustics, Exams of Physiology

William Jessup UniversityPhysiology

A comprehensive set of questions and answers covering key concepts in speech acoustics, including topics like pitch perception, frequency measurement, loudness perception, intensity measurement, vocal fold movement, and digital signal processing. It is a valuable resource for students studying speech-language pathology or related fields.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 01/10/2025

lucinda-bernadette
lucinda-bernadette 🇺🇸

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ASLP 3030 Exam | Comprehensive Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 With 100%
Verified Solutions
What does it mean for science to be "empirical"? - Observations can be measured with data, its
quantifiable
What does it mean for science to be "replicable"? - -The ideas of an experiment can be tested
-The findings can replicable (done again)
SLPs' use of technology: why do we use it clinically? - 1) Can overcome listener bias
2) Receive consistent, reliable measurement
3) Describe severity of problem objectively
4) Provides biofeedback for the client
5) Tracks progress over time
6) Evidence-based practice
Pitch perception vs. frequency measurement - -Frequency measurement = how frequent a waveform
repeats, measured in Hz. used to describe the physical property of the wave
- Pitch perception = how high or low the sound is to the listener, subjective perception
Pitch perception & Frequency measurement: perceptual judgments vs. acoustic measures - - perceptual
judgement (PP)= cannot be measured with instruments, must be measured through listener ratings
- acoustic measures (Fm) =
how waveforms differ as frequency goes up or down - -the pressure changes as time goes by
Loudness perception vs. intensity measurement: what are the different units of measurement of
intensity vs. sound pressure - -Intensity measurement = measured in d, IL and SPL
- Sound pressure = units of pressure
both measured with a sound level meter
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Download ASLP 3030 Exam: Comprehensive Questions and Answers on Speech Acoustics and more Exams Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!

ASLP 3030 Exam | Comprehensive Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 With 100% Verified Solutions What does it mean for science to be "empirical"? - Observations can be measured with data, its quantifiable What does it mean for science to be "replicable"? - - The ideas of an experiment can be tested

  • The findings can replicable (done again) SLPs' use of technology: why do we use it clinically? - 1) Can overcome listener bias
  1. Receive consistent, reliable measurement
  2. Describe severity of problem objectively
  3. Provides biofeedback for the client
  4. Tracks progress over time
  5. Evidence-based practice Pitch perception vs. frequency measurement - - Frequency measurement = how frequent a waveform repeats, measured in Hz. used to describe the physical property of the wave
  • Pitch perception = how high or low the sound is to the listener, subjective perception Pitch perception & Frequency measurement: perceptual judgments vs. acoustic measures - - perceptual judgement (PP)= cannot be measured with instruments, must be measured through listener ratings
  • acoustic measures (Fm) = how waveforms differ as frequency goes up or down - - the pressure changes as time goes by Loudness perception vs. intensity measurement: what are the different units of measurement of intensity vs. sound pressure - - Intensity measurement = measured in d, IL and SPL
  • Sound pressure = units of pressure both measured with a sound level meter

how duration affects the loudness of brief sounds - - the total amount of energy that is transferred from a sound source to us as the listener

  • the longer the sound, the more audible it will be perceived to the listener Difference limens for frequency - - the smallest change in frequency that is detectable by a listener
  • as high frequency increases, it's harder to detect the difference in pitch, so the DL will increase with the stimulus frequency as well
  • with intensity, as it decreases, the difference limen will become larger Loudness perception - - is a perceptual characteristic that is based on the judgment of a listener Inverse square law: how does intensity change with distance? - - intensity diminishes in proportion to the square of the distance from the source
  • the listener that is farther will hear 1/4 and the listener behind will hear 1/9 of the that listener
  • divided by 2 squared Voice range profile: how is it computed and what does it show? - - helps to look at the overall dynamic range of their voice
  • this measures their dB range across the fundamental frequency range
  • start by establishing the persons lowest fundamental frequency and their highest pitch then look at 10 points between their min and max f0, then find their intensity at the min and max at each pitch, plot the data, calculate the area and examine the shape RMS amplitude: how to compute it conceptually - - square all the values in the signal (negatives become positive)
  • take the average of squared values
  • get square root of average
  • used to characterize the height of the waveform and the relative intensity of the waveform Relationship of subglottic pressure, vocal fold movement and articulator movement to speech intensity -
  • subglottal pressure drive speech (Increases by taking a deeper breath in and pushing hat air out)
  • larger vocal fold excursions (oscillate larger, to increase the oscillation of the amplitude)
  • the spectrum has peaks, there is some spread of energy around the fundamental and harmonics, lines between harmonics are not smooth
  • a whole range of frequencies at similar or equal amplitudes, the phase is random Spectrogram features [what are the three dimensions/pieces of information you can see in the image?] - time, frequency, and intensity (amplitude) Harmonic series: what is it and what is it made up of? - - energy that is produced by other movements within the vocal folds that happen at regular intervals, a vibration pattern
  • waves and movements Describing spectra: what does a spectra with only a few lines show, or a spectra with one line, and how does this compare to a spectra that shows the human voice? - - a few, or multiple lines show complex waves (multiple harmonics and lines between harmonics)
  • one line shows a sine wave
  • speech spectra's show more detail and display contribution of structure and movements Why are speech acoustic measures sometimes limited in how well they reflect specific speech movements in the vocal tract? - What are the different tools you can use to view the vocal folds and what type of speech can you observe during these procedures? - - Laryngeal Mirror Exam = see the vocal folds in phonation, use a mirror
  • Rigid Scope Exam = rigid endoscope (metal rod with micro optic) light is closer to the larynx with a camera that brings a image back to see the vocal folds during phonation
  • Flexible Scope Exam = fiberoptic scope through the nasal cavity and over the velum and shines light over the vocal folds, see the speaking, swallowing, look up at the velum, look up at epiglottis and soft palate Imaging the voice: high speed filming vs. stroboscopy: can you describe how these are different, are images taken at the same part of the vocal fold cycle every time, or at slightly different times - - high speed filming = uses a 30 sec. frame rate, standard DVD/VHS video, ultra-high speed filming (use 4000- 6000 sec snapshot)
  • stroboscopy = light illuminating vocal folds, each illumination is a snapshot and paste the snapshots together in succession
  • different times, high speed uses 4000-6000 , stroboscopy uses 200 sec Types of vocal perturbation: definitions of jitter and shimmer and how they relate to perceptual voice quality - - Jitter = random cycle-to-cycle changes in duration, in successive cycles
  • Shimmer = random cycle-to-cycle changes in amplitude, little changes in the height of the wave
  • if a voice didn't have perturbation, we would sound artificial. Too much irregularity sounds unpleasurable to ear Electroglottograph signal features: where does the signal come from? what does it represent? - - electrode currents, placed at thyroid laminae (cartilage)
  • represents the vocal fold contact area Our perception of pitch in voice is related to...?: Our voices have a fundamental frequency, harmonics and noise. What part of the voice is most responsible for determining our perception of pitch? - - Frequency Overall rate of vocal fold movement is related to?: Our voices have a fundamental frequency, harmonics and noise. Which of these reflects the overall speed of vocal fold movement? - - harmonics