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An overview of various genres and storytelling techniques used in american sign language (asl) literature. It covers original fiction, narrative of personal experience, cinematographic story, folk tale, asl hand shape stories, asl poetry, and non-manual markers. Each genre is explained with examples and rules for creating stories. This resource is useful for students and researchers interested in asl literature and storytelling.
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Original Fiction: A short story with an opening and closing, a problem and solution, a clear lesson or moral, and usually has three major events, a main character and other minor characters, and scenery. Example: Zander Symansky “Football Technology” (6:30) , Zander Symansky “ Lost on an Island” (5:03) , Tanner Wedel “Stuck on an Island” (8:21) Narrative of Personal Experience: These stories are real-life accounts of various events, including those that are humorous or tragic and those of struggles to overcome various odds. Often these stories feature the oppression of Deaf people and how they succeed in the end…or not. Example: Jayman Washington “The Journey of the Ape ” (5:10) Cinematographic Story: These stories involve cinematographic techniques that are film-like, such as close-ups, panning, zoom-in, zoom-out, medium shots, far shots, angled shots, slow and fast motion, and morphing of objects. Sometimes it is a way to retell or re-create scenes from movies. Example: Ethan Bettes “ Life, Past, Present, Future ” (3:43) , Tiffany McCallum “I Love You Island” (5:26) , Trenton Morse “Journey of the Chip Bag” (5:57) Folk Tale: According to Rutherford (1993), there are various types: legends, tall tales, and traditions. Bodies of work whose origin is lost but that have been shared in the community for a long time; whose origins may have begun as narratives of personal experience and subsequently have been passed around. Sometimes they involve real historical events with fictional characters, or real characters placed in a fictional time. Some stories are a copy of well-known stories with an interesting twist or with replacements. Example: Jamaika Jones “Little Yellow Riding Hood” (4:04) , Aryzona Marsh “Man VS Deaf Community” (4:45)
A to Z: Interplay between the community’s two languages, ASL and English, where the storyteller manipulates the phonetic system of one language with the phonological system of the other. There are four general rules when creating a story with constraints in hand shape sequencing and sign selection: