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Zaibatsu
large capitalist enterprisesin Japan,similar to cartels or trusts but usually organized around a single family, all developed after Meiji restoration TERM 2
Taisho Democracy
DEFINITION 2 1912- TERM 3
Twenty - One Demands
DEFINITION 3 1915, sought to transfer German concessions to Japan, give Japanese national rights to employment in China, grant permission1915, sought to transfer German concessions to Japan, give Japanese nationalists right to employment in China, grant permission to build railroads from Jiangnan to South China, in some ways would have established a Japanese protectorate over China TERM 4
Peace Preservation Law
DEFINITION 4 passed in Japan in 1925 as a mechanism for the Imperial family to entrench itself against a growing left wing. It forbade conspiracy or revolt against the kokutai, or national essence, of Japan, and effectively criminalized socialism, communism, and other ideologies that would threaten Japan's emperor-centered social order TERM 5
Yamagata Aritomo
DEFINITION 5 Father of Japanese Militarism, upport for many autocratic and aggressive policies directly undermined the development of an open society, Prime Minister 1889-1891 and 1898-
Kokutai
National Essence in Japan TERM 7
Mukden Incident
DEFINITION 7 1931, SMR gains lease rights to Liaodong Peninsula, Japanese interprets to mean Manchuria is its own sphere of influence, Concerned it is vulnerable, hatches terror plot, fake bombing to to annex Manchura TERM 8
"Three All" Campaign
DEFINITION 8 "Kill all, Loot all, Burn All" TERM 9
"Smuggling, Puppets, Atrocities"
DEFINITION 9 Piece of writing we read, both sides actively engaged in smuggling, the governments set up were really puppet governments, and both sides committed atrocities (primarily Japanese -- Nanjing, Three All, Unit 731 ) TERM 10
Tojo Hideki
DEFINITION 10 Prime minister of Japan during WWI,I 17 October 1941 to 22 July 1944
SCAP
Supreme Commander of Allied Powers, given virtually all power in Japan, laid out Potsdam Declaration, Dismantle Japan, Impose democracy, demilitarize, war crime trials, purge those with association TERM 17
Article 9
DEFINITION 17 Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution is a clause in the National Constitution of Japan that prohibits an act of war by the state. TERM 18
Reverse Course
DEFINITION 18 Reverse Course was a change in U.S. policy toward Japan during the post-World War II reconstruction.,Purgesagain, becomes more anti-labor, TERM 19
Yoshida Doctrine
DEFINITION 19 The Yoshida Doctrine, named after Japan's post-World War II Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida, involved placing highest national priority on economic development, while simultaneously keeping a low diplomatic profile. TERM 20
Yasakuni Shrine
DEFINITION 20 is a Shinto shrine located in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. It is dedicated to the soldiers and others who died fighting on behalf of the Emperor of Japan.
Sun Yat-sen
Presidential president after 1911, steps down in February 1912 TERM 22
Wuchang Uprising
DEFINITION 22 began with the dissatisfaction of the handling of a railway crisis. The crisis then escalated to an uprising where the revolutionaries went up againstQinggovernment officials. The uprising was then assisted by theNew Armyin acoupagainst their own authorities in the city ofWuchang,Hubei provinceon October 10, 1911 TERM 23
Yuan Shikai
DEFINITION 23 Elected 1912, GMD critical, has them purged in 1913, 2nd revolution in the fall, dissolves parliament 1914, declares self emperor 1915 TERM 24
Twenty-One Demands (China)
DEFINITION 24 Same as Japan, just on the bad end TERM 25
Warlordism
DEFINITION 25 Period in China from 1916-1928, land split up into basic provinces run by Warlords, constant regional civil wars, repeated conflict between central and local government, military commanders
Northern Expedition
1926-1928, NRA begins offensive northward, goal to head into Jiangnan and eliminate warlords on the way, 3 large thrusts: Hunan/Hubei, Jiangxi, and Fujian.Successful, but divides forces, decision by Chiang to press on to Shanghai TERM 32
Manchukuo
DEFINITION 32 apuppet stateinManchuriaand easternInner Mongolia, governed under a form ofconstitutional monarchy.Abolished in 1945, MANCHU'S TERM 33
Shanghai Spring
DEFINITION 33 1927, very active labor movement in Shanghai, formed General Labor Union, sought to soften Shanghai for NRA, launched series of General strikes 1927, Chiang enters and instills crack down and purge, end of 1st united front, Chiang declares new regime in Nanjing 1927 TERM 34
Long March
DEFINITION 34 1934, increased pressure from Chiang's armies, force CCP out of rural soviets, entire society takes to the road, almost eliminated, ended up in Yanar, only 10,000 of 90,000 survive TERM 35
Yan'an
DEFINITION 35 center of theChinese communistrevolution from 1936 to
Nanjing Atrocity
Began Dec. 12 1937, lasted 6 or 7 weeks, brutality on a colossal scale, 42,000-300,000 dead TERM 37
Land Reform
DEFINITION 37 1950-1952, Extended to southern China, as many as 1 million landlords killed, to purge landlords from the country, give back to the peasants TERM 38
Anti-Rightist Campaign
DEFINITION 38 June 1957, consisted of a series of campaigns to purge alleged"rightists"within theCommunist Party of China(CPC) and abroad. The definition of "rightists" was not always consistent, sometimes including critics to the left of the government, but officially referred to those intellectuals who appeared to favourcapitalismand class divisions and againstcollectivization. Reaction against the Hundred Flowers Campaign, which had promoted pluralism of expression and criticism of the government. TERM 39
Great Leap Forward
DEFINITION 39 1958-1961, looking for alternatives to Soviet model, focused on productivity in the country side, goal to harness the power of the masses, self-sufficiency, farmers to produce own food, make own machinery, increase steel production, frenzy of activity, people organize into "peoples communes" worked extremely long hours, hair-brained schemes, production apparently increased dramatically, lead to Great Leap Backward TERM 40
Cultural Revolution
DEFINITION 40 1966-1976, four broad goals: fight "bureaucratization", teach younger generation, level class differences, change succession
Syngman Rhee
Elected president of South Korea in 1948, became very authoritarian president (strong presidency, weak legislature/courts TERM 47
Kim Il Sung
DEFINITION 47 ruler ofNorth Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, from its establishment in 1948 until his death in 1994. established an all-pervasivecult of personality. North Korea officially refers to Kim Il-sung as the "Great Leader"and he is designated in the North Korean constitution as the country's "Eternal President". TERM 48
Cheju Uprising
DEFINITION 48 April 3, 1948, the police on Jeju island fired on a demonstration commemorating the Korean struggle against Japanese rule.[1]Outraged, the people of Jeju attacked 12 police stations. In the fighting under 100 policemen and civilians were killed. Rebels also burned polling centers for the upcoming election and attacked political opponents and their families. outh Korean government sent 3,000 soldiers of the South Korean 11th Constabulary Regiment to reinforce local police, but on April 29 several hundred soldiers mutinied, handing over large small-arms caches to the rebels. lasted until May 1949. Between 14,000 and 60,000 individuals were killed in fighting or execution between various factions on the island. TERM 49
Korean War
DEFINITION 49 1950-1953, North Korea armies push into the South, S.K. army collapses; NKPA quickly dominates south, US appeals to UN for support, US leads counter attack, pushes NKPA back to Yula River, Chinese forces infiltrate rear, push US troops back to 38th parallel TERM 50
Demilitarized Zone
DEFINITION 50 The span of the 38th parallel in Korea that is neither neutral nor biased.
Juche
says that the Korean masses are the masters of the country's development. TERM 52
Kim Jong Il
DEFINITION 52 thesupreme leaderofNorth Korea(DPRK) from 1994 to 2011. He succeeded his father and founder of the DPRKKim Il- sungfollowing the elder Kim's death in 1994.
