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ASA 101, BASIC KEELBOAT SAILING QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Hull - Correct Answers_Watertight floating body of the boat that gives it form and houses or supports every other part of the boat Deck - Correct Answers_Encloses the top of the hull and is generally horizontal Transom - Correct Answers_Transverse, vertical section that makes up the stern of the boat, as high as the hull or as low as the waterline Keel - Correct Answers_Heavy, fixed appendage on the bottom of the hull that not only provides the sideways resistance, but also the vertical stability needed to counter the force of the wind on the sails that would otherwise push the boat sideways Mast - Correct Answers_Vertical metal or wooden pole that supports its primary sail, the mainsail
Boom - Correct Answers_Horizontal pole at the bottom of the mainsail, it swings from one side of the boat to the other when the boat is turning through the wind Gooseneck - Correct Answers_Swivel connection on a sailboat by which the boom attaches to the mast Bow - Correct Answers_Forward, front of the vessel Stern - Correct Answers_Aft, back of the vessel Helm/Tiller - Correct Answers_Attached to the rudder, it causes the boat to turn in the opposite dirction Rudder - Correct Answers_A movable, fin-shaped part attached to the hull near the stern Cockpit - Correct Answers_The area around and just in front of the tiller, where the crew performs most boat-handling operations Cabin - Correct Answers_A compartment below the deck
Lifeline - Correct Answers_To provide for safety, wire cable that runs around the perimeter of the deck about two feet above it Pulpit - Correct Answers_A raised platform in the bow Winch - Correct Answers_Always cranked clockwise, a hauling or lifting device consisting of a rope, cable, or chain winding around a horizontal drum Cleat - Correct Answers_A T-shaped piece of metal or wood, to which ropes are attached Block - Correct Answers_Wood, metal, or synthetic casing that contains one or more groove pulley called sheaves, primary component of running rigging, a device to change a lines direction Fairlead - Correct Answers_A ring mounted on a boat to guide a rope, keeping it clear of obstructions and preventing it from being cut or chafed Fender - Correct Answers_Used to keep something off or prevent a collision
Docklines - Correct Answers_Ropes specifically made for use when securing the vessel to the dock Mainsail - Correct Answers_Primary sail used to move the boat Jib - Correct Answers_Like the mainsail, it is controlled with sheets, one on either side of the mast Head - Correct Answers_Bathroom Tack - Correct Answers_Change course by turning a boat's head into and through the wind Clew - Correct Answers_The lower or after corner of a sail, haul these up into the mast for furling Foot - Correct Answers_The bottom edge of a sail Luff - Correct Answers_The edge of a fore-and-aft sail next to the mast or stay
Halyard - Correct Answers_Used to raise the mainsail Mainsheet - Correct Answers_A sheet used for controlling the mainsail of a sailing vessel Jibsheets - Correct Answers_A sheet used for controlling the jib of a sailing vessel Boom Topping Lift - Correct Answers_A line which applies upward force on a boom on a tailing, the hold the boom when the sail is lowered, uphaul Boom Vang - Correct Answers_A line or piston system on a sailboat used to exert downward force on the boom and thus control the shape of the sail Telltale - Correct Answers_Red yarn or fabric attached to a stay, used as a guide when trimming Outhaul - Correct Answers_A rope used to haul out the clew of a boom sail or the tack of a jib
Traveler - Correct Answers_Allows for changing the position where the mainsheet tackle connects to the boat Shackle - Correct Answers_A U-shaped piece of metal secured with a clevis pin or bolt across the opening, or a hinged metal loop secured with a quick-release locking pin mechanism Roller Furler - Correct Answers_Method of furling or reefing a sail by rolling it around a stay or rotating a spar Port - Correct Answers_Left-hand side of vessel Starboard - Correct Answers_Right-hand side of vessel Forward - Correct Answers_Front, bow of vessel Aft - Correct Answers_Back, stern of vessel Beam - Correct Answers_Bearing projected at right- angles from the fore and aft lines, outwards from the widest part of ship, define the maximum width of a ship's hull
Weather Helm - Correct Answers_A tendency in a sailing ship to head into the wind if the tiller is released Skipper - Correct Answers_The captain of a ship or boat Helmsman - Correct Answers_A person who steers a ship or baot Crew - Correct Answers_A group of people who work on and operate a ship Head-to-Wind - Correct Answers_Point of sail to describe orientation and relation to the wind, a boat will be on either a port tack or a starboard tack No-Sail Zone - Correct Answers_A boat cannot sail directly into the wind, nor on a course that is too close to the direction from which the wind in blowing Close Hauled - Correct Answers_By sailing at either the port or starboard edge of the no-sail zone,
the sails are pulled as close at possible to the boat's center Close Reach - Correct Answers_Turning the boat slightly further away from the wind, the 10:00 or 2:00 position Beam Reach - Correct Answers_The wind is blowing directly across the boat's beam, its widest part, the 9:00 or 3:00 position Broad Reach - Correct Answers_Headed slightly downwind Run - Correct Answers_When the boat is going directly downwind at 6 o'clock Sailing-by-the-Lee - Correct Answers_ In Irons - Correct Answers_With the wind coming from 12 o'clock, you will not be able to sail Luffing - Correct Answers_If a boat turns to leeward too far, or sails "by the lee", the boat can jibe accidentally if the lee side of the sail catches the
"Ready About", "Ready", "Helms-a-Lee" - Correct Answers_Tiller will be put leeward to cause the boat to come about (tacking) "Prepare to Jibe", "Ready", "Jibe-Ho" - Correct Answers_Tiller will be put windward to cause the boat to jibe Rule 5: Look-out - Correct Answers_Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and the risk of collision Rule 12(a)(i) - Correct Answers_When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows: (i) When each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other Rule 12(a)(ii) - Correct Answers_(ii) When both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is
to windward shall keep out of way of the vessel which is to leeward Rule 12 (a)(iii) - Correct Answers_(iii) If a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the port of on the starboard side, she shall keep out of the way of the other Rule 13 - Correct Answers_Overtaking a) Any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken b) A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22. degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight of that vessel but neither of her sidelights c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly d) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between two vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules of relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear
Navigational Signals: Two Blasts - Correct Answers_Intention to direct course of vessel to own port Navigational Signals: Three Blasts - Correct Answers_Indicates vessel's engines are going astern (in reverse) Navigational Signals: Five Blasts - Correct Answers_Danger signal used when the other vessel's intentions are not understood or its indicated course is dangerous Navigational Signals: Prolonged Blast - Correct Answers_(4 to 6 seconds) Indicates restricted visibility Masthead Light - Correct Answers_White light placed over the fore and aft centerline of the vessel Sidelights - Correct Answers_Green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side Sternlight - Correct Answers_White light placed as nearly as practicable at the stern
Towing Light - Correct Answers_Yellow light having the same characteristics as a sternlight
