Arrhenius Acid
Definition
•An acid is a substance that
generates hydronium ions, H3O+
(often described as H+), when
added to water.
•An acidic solution is a solution
with a significant concentration of
H3O+ions.
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Understanding Acids and Bases: Arrhenius Theory, Schemes and Mind Maps of Chemistry
Definitions, reactions, and animations to help understand the concepts of Arrhenius acids and bases. Topics include strong and weak acids, strong and weak bases, and their respective reactions with water. A tool for identifying acids and bases is also provided.
Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps
2021/2022
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Arrhenius Acid
Definition
- An acid is a substance that generates hydronium ions, H 3
O
(often described as H
), when added to water.
- An acidic solution is a solution with a significant concentration of H 3
O
ions.
Strong Acid
and Water
When HCl dissolves in water, hydronium ions, H 3
O
, and chloride ions, Cl − , ions form.
Weak Acid
and Water
Acetic acid reacts with water in a reversible reaction, which forms hydronium and acetate ions.
Solution of
Weak Acid
Strong and
Weak Acids
Acid Animation
and Tutorial
- There is an animation on the textbook’s website that will give you a better understanding of weak and strong acids. https://preparatorychemistry.com/acids_Canvas.html
Acid
Summary
Strong Weak Binary acid hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq) Hydrofluoric acid, HF(aq) Oxyacid nitric acid, HNO 3 sulfuric acid, H 2 SO 4 other acids with HaXbOc Organic acid none acetic acid, HC 2 H 3 O 2
Arrhenius Base
Definitions
- A base is a substance that generates OH − when added to water.
- A basic solution is a solution with a significant concentration of OH − ions.
Strong
Bases
- Strong Base = due to a completion reaction with water, generates close to one (or more) OH − for each formula unit of base added to water. - Metal hydroxides are strong bases. NaOH(s) ® Na + (aq) + OH - (aq) LiOH(s) ® Li + (aq) + OH - (aq) KOH(s) ® K + (aq) + OH - (aq)
Ammonia
and Water
Ammonia reacts with water in a reversible reaction, which forms ammonium and hydroxide ions.
Weak Bases
- Weak Base = due to a reversible reaction with water, generates significantly less than one OH − for each formula unit of base added to water. - Ammonia and ionic compounds that contain CO 3 (^2) − or HCO 3 − are weak bases. Na 2 CO 3 (s) ® 2Na
(aq) + CO 3 2 - (aq) CO 3 2 - (aq) + H 2 O(l) ⇌ HCO 3
(aq) + OH
(aq) NaHCO 3 (s) ® Na
(aq) + HCO 3
(aq) HCO 3
(aq) + H 2 O(l) ⇌ H 2 CO 3 (aq) + OH
(aq)
Arrhenius
Bases
Strong Weak Ionic Compounds Metal hydroxides Ionic compounds with CO 3 2 - and HCO 3
Certain Uncharged molecules None NH 3