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Understanding Acids and Bases: Arrhenius Theory, Schemes and Mind Maps of Chemistry

Definitions, reactions, and animations to help understand the concepts of Arrhenius acids and bases. Topics include strong and weak acids, strong and weak bases, and their respective reactions with water. A tool for identifying acids and bases is also provided.

Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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Arrhenius Acid
Definition
An acid is a substance that
generates hydronium ions, H3O+
(often described as H+), when
added to water.
An acidic solution is a solution
with a significant concentration of
H3O+ions.
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Arrhenius Acid

Definition

  • An acid is a substance that generates hydronium ions, H 3

O

(often described as H

), when added to water.

  • An acidic solution is a solution with a significant concentration of H 3

O

ions.

Strong Acid

and Water

When HCl dissolves in water, hydronium ions, H 3

O

, and chloride ions, Cl − , ions form.

Weak Acid

and Water

Acetic acid reacts with water in a reversible reaction, which forms hydronium and acetate ions.

Solution of

Weak Acid

Strong and

Weak Acids

Acid Animation

and Tutorial

  • There is an animation on the textbook’s website that will give you a better understanding of weak and strong acids. https://preparatorychemistry.com/acids_Canvas.html

Acid

Summary

Strong Weak Binary acid hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq) Hydrofluoric acid, HF(aq) Oxyacid nitric acid, HNO 3 sulfuric acid, H 2 SO 4 other acids with HaXbOc Organic acid none acetic acid, HC 2 H 3 O 2

Arrhenius Base

Definitions

  • A base is a substance that generates OH − when added to water.
  • A basic solution is a solution with a significant concentration of OH − ions.

Strong

Bases

  • Strong Base = due to a completion reaction with water, generates close to one (or more) OH − for each formula unit of base added to water. - Metal hydroxides are strong bases. NaOH(s) ® Na + (aq) + OH - (aq) LiOH(s) ® Li + (aq) + OH - (aq) KOH(s) ® K + (aq) + OH - (aq)

Ammonia

and Water

Ammonia reacts with water in a reversible reaction, which forms ammonium and hydroxide ions.

Weak Bases

  • Weak Base = due to a reversible reaction with water, generates significantly less than one OH − for each formula unit of base added to water. - Ammonia and ionic compounds that contain CO 3 (^2) − or HCO 3 − are weak bases. Na 2 CO 3 (s) ® 2Na

(aq) + CO 3 2 - (aq) CO 3 2 - (aq) + H 2 O(l) ⇌ HCO 3

(aq) + OH

(aq) NaHCO 3 (s) ® Na

(aq) + HCO 3

(aq) HCO 3

(aq) + H 2 O(l) ⇌ H 2 CO 3 (aq) + OH

(aq)

Arrhenius

Bases

Strong Weak Ionic Compounds Metal hydroxides Ionic compounds with CO 3 2 - and HCO 3

Certain Uncharged molecules None NH 3