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Assembly language is about computer basic operations. Its used in Computer Architecture. It also being used in Microprocessors. This lecture was delivered by Prof. Vishakha Ahuja at Guru Ghasidas University. It includes: Arithmetic, Calculation, Handles, Integers, Floating, FPU, Positive, Binary, Magnitude, Compliment
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Does the calculations z Everything else in the computer is there toservice this unit z Handles integers z May handle floating point (real) numbers z May be separate FPU (maths co-processor) z May be on chip separate FPU (486DX +)
Left most bit is sign bit z 0 means positive z 1 means negative z
z
z Problems z Need to consider both sign and magnitude inarithmetic z Two representations of zero (+0 and -0)
z
z
z
z
z
z
z Bitwise not
z Add 1 to LSB
z Result
z Overflow is ignored, so: z
8 bit 2s compliment z +127 = 01111111 = 2 7
Positive number pack with leading zeros z +18 = 00010010 z +18 = 00000000 00010010 z Negative numbers pack with leading ones z -18 = 10010010 z -18 = 11111111 10010010 z i.e. pack with MSB (sign bit)
Complex z Work out partial product for each digit z Take care with place value (column) z Add partial products
This does not work! z Solution 1 z Convert to positive if required z Multiply as above z If signs were different, negate answer z Solution 2 z Booth’s algorithm
