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The concept of application-specific architectures and their importance in overcoming the diminishing returns of general-purpose architectures. It covers topics such as Moore's Law, dark silicon, Amdahl's Law, and the benefits of specialization. The document also includes a case study of CryptoManiac, a highly specialized and efficient crypto-processor design. a lecture note from the University of Michigan's EECS 573 course in Fall 2016.
Typology: Lecture notes
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Fall 2016 University of Michigan
Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory University of Michigan Application Specific Architectures Todd Austin
Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory University of Michigan Application Specific Architectures Todd Austin
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Today, gap is cresting 10x Lack of perceived value Dark silicon
Diminished ILP
Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory University of Michigan Application Specific Architectures Todd Austin
(^180 ) (^90 ) 45 32 22 14 10 7
1
10
100
1000
Technology Node (nm)
10nm slips by 5-6 quarters
14nm slips by 2 quarters 7nm by end 2020?
Street Dates for Intelās Lead Generation Products Compiled with David Brooks @ Harvard 4
Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory University of Michigan Application Specific Architectures Todd Austin
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Courtesy Michael Taylor @ UCSD
Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory University of Michigan Application Specific Architectures Todd Austin
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Courtesy Michael Taylor @ UCSD
Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory University of Michigan Application Specific Architectures Todd Austin
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Courtesy Michael Taylor @ UCSD
Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory University of Michigan Application Specific Architectures Todd Austin
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(P)
(N)
(S)
Where we need to be today! (10x)
Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory University of Michigan Application Specific Architectures Todd Austin
31 10 0 24 16 8 0
opcode
00
SBOX Table
Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory University of Michigan Application Specific Architectures Todd Austin
Pipelined 32-Bit MUL 1K Byte SBOX Cache
32-Bit Adder
32-Bit Rotator
XOR AND
Logical Unit
XOR AND
Logical Unit
Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory University of Michigan Application Specific Architectures Todd Austin
Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory University of Michigan Application Specific Architectures Todd Austin
2965.01 3943.
8036.77 8296.
Platform ARM 720T^ ARM 7TDMI^ ARM 920T^ ARM 1020T^1 st-gen^1 st-gen^1 st-gen Voltage (V) 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.5 0. Speed (Hz) 100M 133M 250M 325M 114M 9M 168k
xRT rating : how many times faster than real-time the processor can handle the worst-case data stream rate on the most computationally intensive sensor benchmark
The Basics of Subthreshold Circuit Operation
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Superthreshold
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Superthreshold
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Superthreshold
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Superthreshold
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Subthreshold
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Subthreshold
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Subthreshold
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Subthreshold
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Subthreshold
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Subthreshold
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Subthreshold
Minimize area (^) ļ° To reduce leakage energy per cycle
Maximize Transistor utility (^) ļ° To reduce Vmin and energy per cycle
Minimize CPI (^) ļ° To reduce Energy per instruction
ļ³ Number of stages ļ³ w/ vs. w/o instruction prefetch buffer ļ³ w/ vs. w/o explicit register file ļ³ Harvard vs. Von-Neumann architecture