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1. To which ossicle, if present, does the posterior talocalcaneal ligament attach? (A) Os vesalianum (B) Os tibiale externum (C) Os trigonum (D) Os naviculare - ✔✔1. C The posterior talocalcaneal ligament connects the lateral and medial tubercles of the posterior process of the talus with the superior and medial region of the calcaneus, posterior to the posterior talar facet. When an os trigonum is present, the posterior talocalcaneal ligament attaches to it. 2. Where is the medial plantar nerve located in the foot? (A) Between the first and second muscle layers (B) Between the third and fourth muscle layers (C) Deep to the fourth muscle layer (D) Superficial to the flexor retinaculum - ✔✔2. A
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(A) Arcuate artery (B) Dorsal venous arch (C) Medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (D) Extensor hallucis longus tendon - ✔✔4. A The arcuate artery is the deepest structure in the dorsum of the foot.
(D) Deep peroneal - ✔✔11. B The medial calcaneal nerve branches from the tibial nerve.
(B) Iliopsoas (C) Sartorius (D) Adductor magnus - ✔✔ 15 D The adductor magnus receives innervation from the obturator nerve in the lumbar plexus and from the sciatic nerve in the sacral plexus.
The primary center of ossification of the navicular usually does not appear until the third year of life, making it the last tarsal bone to begin ossification.
(C) Fibularis (peroneus) longus (D) Tendo calcaneus - ✔✔26. C The fibularis (peroneus) longus and fibularis (peroneus) brevis share a common synovial sheath.
(A) Femoral nerve (B) Femoral artery (C) Femoral vein (D) Lymphatic vessel - ✔✔34. B The most lateral structure in the femoral sheath is the femoral artery.
The popliteus muscle has a proximal attachment on the lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur and the lateral meniscus. Its distal attachment is on the posterior surface of the tibia. When the foot (and thus the tibia) is fixed to the ground, the popliteus muscle will laterally rotate the femur on the tibia, unlocking the knee joint and assisting in flexion of the knee.
(D) Ischial tuberosity - ✔✔44. D The ischial tuberosity is one of the four fairly constant secondary centers of ossification in the hip bone.
(C) Gracilis (D) Gluteus medius - ✔✔48. D The gluteus medius muscle originates from the dorsum of the ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal line, inferior to the iliac crest. It is the only muscle listed that is in a position to abduct the thigh.
(A) Tibial (B) Sciatic (C) Femoral (D) Obturator - ✔✔55. D Most of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh are innervated by the obturator nerve; only the pectineus muscle does not usually receive motor innervation from this nerve.
Ossification of the tibia, like other long bones, begins in the shaft. The primary ossification center appears at about 7 weeks of gestation, while secondary centers appear around the time of birth or later.
(C) Vascular development within a limb bud precedes lumbosacral plexus development. (D) At the end of the embryonic period the foot is plantarflexed. - ✔✔69. B Upper limb bud development precedes lower limb bud development by a few days.