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APHY 102 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2025/
SUMMER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED
A+(IVY TECH COLLEGE)
A hormone is a secreted molecule that is carried in the bloodstream to where it acts on target cells that bear specific receptors for that hormone.
True
Maxwell has a very high metabolic rate, is skinny, and has protruding eyes. These are symptoms of
-Hyperthyroidism
-Hypothyroidism
-hyperparathyroidism
-hypoparathyroidism
hyperthyroidism
Steroid hormones diffuse through cell membranes, then bind with receptors, whereas nonsteroid hormones bind receptors on the target cell membrane.
True
The secretion of parathyroid hormone is controlled primarily by the
-pituitary gland
-concentration of blood calcium
-hypothalamus
-thyroid gland
concentration of blood calcium
As a result of the general stress response, blood concentrations of epinephrine
-fall and cortisol rise
-and cortisol fall
-rise and cortisol fall
-and cortisol rise
and cortisol rise
Choose the example that does not demonstrate a negative feedback loop of hormonal control
- A hormone that increases blood pressure is released. Baroreceptors in the arteries sense the pressure change and stimulate the brainstem to send signals to dilate blood vessels and counter the effect, decreasing blood pressure.
- A gland releases hormone that causes free blood glucose to be collected and stored after a meal. After a time, the gland detects low free blood glucose and ceases production of the hormone.
-False
True
"Endocrine" means
- Hormone synthesis
- Acts upon target cells
- Fast-acting compound
- Internal secretion
Internal secretion
Nonsteroid hormones include peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, and amines
True
A night-shift worker experiences extreme difficulty falling asleep due to being exposed to bright lights during both night and day. The unusual pattern of light exposure is disturbing their _____, which controls the release of the hormone ____.
- Metabolic rate; thyroxine
- Circulatory system; dopamine
- Limbic system; thymosin
- Circadian rhythm; melatonin
Circadian rhythm; melatonin
A female patient is experiencing a hormonal imbalance that is causing her to skip menstrual periods due to low estrogen and miss ovulation. Which of the following is most likely the imbalanced hormone?
- Prolactin-releasing factor
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- Follicle-stimulating hormone
- Growth hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Oxytocin stimulates the kidneys to conserve water
False
The thymus gland secretes hormones called _____ that _____.
- Thyroxines; control metabolism
- Prostaglandins; control strength
- Thymosins; control production and differentiation of white blood cells
- Melatonins; control circadian rhythms
Thymosins; control production and differentiation of white blood cells
- A decrease in the permeability of cell membranes to glucose
- An increase in the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose
- A decrease in the concentration of blood glucose
A decrease in the concentration of blood glucose
A hormone that stimulates calcium deposition into bone is
- insulin
- thyroxine
- calcitonin
- parathyroid hormone
calcitonin
The _____ secretes triiodothyronine
- adrenal gland
- parathyroid gland
- pancreas
- thyroid gland
thyroid gland
The sex hormones from the adrenal cortex are primarily androgens
True
A hormone is a _____ and a target cell is _____.
- A molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for specific hormones
- Protein that stimulates other cells; the source of hormone secretions
- Regulatory molecule that controls secretions of other cells; a cell that synthesizes hormones
- Molecule; a cell that does not have receptors
A molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for specific hormones
A sweat gland is an example of a(n) _____ gland.
- Endocrine
- Exocrine
- Paracrine
- Autocrine
Exocrine
Simple goiter is most prevalent where the soil lacks
- Vitamins
- Iodine
- Potassium
vein
What is the name of the fluid contained within vessels of the lymphatic system?
- Lymph
- Edema
- Nodular fluid
- Interstitial fluid
Lymph
When T or B cells are activated, they proliferate, forming a group of genetically identical cells descending from the original activated cell. What is the name of this group of identical cells?
- Memory cells
- Hapten
- Lymphocyte precursors
- Clone
Clone
Absence or blockage of lymph vessels in a body region leads directly to what condition?
- Edema
- Dehydration
- Coagulation
Edema
What type of immunity will result from receiving a vaccination?
- Artificially acquired passive immunity
- Artificially acquired active immunity
- Naturally acquired passive immunity
- Naturally acquired active immunity
Artificially acquired active immunity
What term is used for disorders resulting from the immune system attacking "self" cells?
- Allergies
- Humoral diseases
- Tissue rejection reaction
- Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune diseases
The thymus is in the mediastinum behind the sternum
True
True
Activation of what group of proteins in the plasma leads to inflammation, attraction of phagocytes, and enhancement of phagocytosis?
- Interferon
- Lysozymes
- Complement
Complement
Memory T and B cells function in what type of response?
- Secondary immune responses
- Primary immune responses
Secondary immune responses
What term refers to any molecule that elicits an immune response?
- Clone
- Antibody
- Cytokine
- Antigen
Antigen
What is not true of the spleen?
- It contains nodules similar to lymphatic nodules
- The spaces in the lobes of the spleen are filled with lymph
- It is the largest lymphatic organ
- It contains many phagocytes
The spaces in the lobes of the spleen are filled with lymph
Older red blood cells may be destroyed in the spleen
True
The thymus enlarges after puberty
False
What is the first component(s) f the immune system to decline with age?
- Lymph nodes
- Lymphocyte count
- Right and left subclavian arteries
- Superior and inferior vena cavae
- Right and left subclavian veins
Right and left subclavian veins
For each classification of transplant, indicate the correct type of donor.
Allograft
Isograft
Xenograft
Autograft
Allograft - Same species
Isograft - Identical twin
Xenograft - Different species
Autograft - Self
In the cadaver image, identify the highlighted structure
Remnant of thymus
Person with _____ blood, have neither antigen A nor Antigen B on their red blood cells but have antibody anti-A and antibody anti-B in their plasma.
Type O
What is the name of the condition in which there is a deficiency in red blood cells or in the amount of hemoglobin?
- Jaundice
- Leukopenia
- Anemia
- Polycythemia
Anemia
Define hemostasis
- Process of clumping of red blood cells due to antibodies
- Process that stops bleeding
- Process of dissolving a blood clot
- Process of stimulating blood cell production
Process that stops bleeding
Stacy has been tired and bruising easily, and she's had three respiratory infections in the past few months. She has also had headaches and a few nosebleeds. A physician should check her for
Plasma
A person with type AB blood can successfully receive blood from
- Only one of the blood types
- Only two of the blood types
- Only type O blood
- All blood types
All blood types
Persons with type AB blood are sometimes called universal donors.
False
Platelets are best described as
- Immature leukocytes
- Cytoplasmic fragments of cells
- Giant, multinucleated cells
- Lymphoid cells
Cytoplasmic fragments of cells
Cyanosis is caused by an increased blood concentration of
- Carbon monoxide
- Oxyhemoglobin
- Carbon dioxide
- Deoxyhemoglobin
Deoxyhemoglobin
Erythroblastosis fetalis may occur in
- A second Rh-positive fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman
- A second Rh-negative fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman
- A first Rh-positive fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman
- A first Rh-negative fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman
A second Rh-positive fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman
The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of human blood is normally about
45%
Which of the following usually accounts for the smallest percentage of leukocytes in a blood sample?
