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APHY 101 Ivy Tech Exam 1 Midterm 2024/25 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, Exams of Nursing

1. Signs of aging at the cellular level are ANS impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts. 2. The elbow is distal to the wrist. ANS False 3. The ears are lateral to the eyes. ANS True 4. Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity? ANS Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

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APHY 101 Ivy Tech Exam 1 Midterm 2024/25
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Signs of aging at the cellular level are
ANS impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell
parts.
2. The elbow is distal to the wrist.
ANS False
3. The ears are lateral to the eyes.
ANS True
4. Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of
complexity? ANS Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
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APHY 101 Ivy Tech Exam 1 Midterm 2024/

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

  1. Signs of aging at the cellular level are ANS impaired cell division and the ability tobreak down and recycle worn cell parts.
  2. The elbow is distal to the wrist. ANS False
  3. The ears are lateral to the eyes. ANS True
  4. Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity? ANS Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
  1. A decomposition reaction can be symbolized by ANS AB ’ A + B.
  2. A parietal layer of a serous membrane , whereas a visceral layer of a serous membrane. ANS lines cavities; covers organs
  3. The three major parts of a cell are ANS the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
  4. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum does not. ANS False
  5. In negative feedback mechanisms changes away from the normal state ANS - stimulate changes in the opposite direction.
  1. The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of ANS Neutrons
  2. Lipids ANS All of the above
  3. An electrolyte ionizes in water. ANS True
  4. Which of the following groups of compounds is hydrophobic? ANS Carbohy-drates
  5. Which of the following substances is an element? ANS Iron
  1. Which of the following groups of elements account for more than 95% of the human body by weight? ANS Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
  2. The anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface is ANS su-perficial.
  3. The difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions with pH 4 and pH 5 is ANS tenfold
  4. The symbol Na+ represents a sodium atom that has lost an electron. ANS True
  5. A water solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hy- droxide ions is ANS Neutral
  1. The number of protons in an atom of an element always equals its atomic weight. ANS False
  2. A cell that can divide to give rise to any cell type is ANS totipotent.
  3. Cancer can result if ANS mitosis is too frequent or does not stop.
  4. The oral, nasal, orbital, and middle ear cavities are in the dorsal cavity. ANS - False
  5. Cilia and flagella extend from certain cells, enabling them to move. ANS True
  6. Cells lose water when placed in a solution. ANS Hypertonic
  7. A selectively permeable membrane ANS allows some substances to pass throughand excludes others.
  1. When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true? ANS The palms are facing backward.
  2. Which of the following correctly describes the structural organization of the cell membrane? ANS A bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein mole-cules are embedded and can move
  3. A glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvic acid molecules in ANS Glycolysis
  4. Transcription and translation differ in that ANS transcription produces RNA andtranslation produces protein.
  5. If one strand of DNA has the sequence TCAGGCTATTCCCG, then the complementary sequence of the other strand is ANS AGTCCGATAAGGGC.
  6. Which of the following is not true regarding RNA? ANS It is double- stranded.
  7. An enzyme is ANS a molecule, usually a protein, that speeds the rate of a biochem-ical reaction by lowering the activation energy.
  8. Catabolism builds up molecules and anabolism breaks down molecules.-
  1. Which of the following is an example of catabolism? ANS The breakdown ofglucose in the cytoplasm and mitochondria.
  2. The aerobic reactions of cellular respiration occur in the mitochondria. ANS - True
  3. Which of the following substances increases in abundance during cellular respiration? ANS ATP
  4. A cofactor is and examples are. ANS a necessary part of someenzymes; copper, iron, and zinc
  5. An ATP molecule consists of an adenine, a ribose, and three phosphates.- ANS True
  6. The electron transport chain is a series of enzyme complexes that pass electrons, releasing energy that is used to phosphorylate ADP to ATP on the inner mitochondrial membrane. ANS True
  7. A cell may contain hundreds of different types of enzymes. ANS True
  8. ATP is important to cellular processes because it ANS provides energy for cellu-lar work when the terminal, high-energy bond is broken.
  9. Which choice lists structures in order of increasing size? ANS nitrogenous base
  • nucleotide - gene - chromosome - genome
  1. Which of the following is not one of the four basic types of body tissues?- ANS Eye tissue
  2. The tissue through which gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs is ANS simple squamous epithelium.
  3. A membrane lines tubes and cavities that open to the outside of the body. ANS Mucous
  4. Muscle cells with more than one nucleus are ANS skeletal muscle cells only.
  5. Epithelial tissue functions in ANS secretion, absorption, and protection.
  6. Extracellular matrix consists of ANS ground substance and protein fibers.
  7. Adipose tissue is a form of ANS connective tissue.
  8. Which of the following characteristics is used to name tissue types? ANS Or-ganization of cells
  9. A skeletal muscle fiber contains many nuclei. ANS True
  10. The type of epithelium that secretes into ducts that open onto surfaces like skin or into body fluids is ANS glandular epithelium.
  11. The type of intercellular junction that forms tubular channels is ANS a gapjunction.
  12. Functions of neuroglia include which of the following? ANS They support
  1. The type of intercellular junction that consists of fused membranes is a(an) ANS tight junction.
  2. A (An) gland does not branch before reaching the glandular cells or secretory part. ANS simple
  3. Tissues are groups of cells that have a common overall function, yet are distinctive in their characteristic cell types and the molecules that the cells produce. ANS True
  4. Areolar tissue contains ANS collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, and gel-like groundsubstance.
  5. Bone cells form concentric circles around longitudinal tubes called ANS Cen-tral canals
  6. Involuntary muscle tissues are ANS smooth muscle tissue and cardiac muscletissue.
  7. Blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in a fluid extracellular matrix called plasma. ANS True
  8. Skin wrinkles with age because ANS fat is lost from the subcutaneous layer andthe dermis shrinks.
  9. Milk and ear wax ANS are secreted from modified sweat glands.
  10. Skin cancer is most likely to develop from ANS nonpigmented epithelial

cells.

  1. Cutaneous carcinomas are usually caused by regular exposure to ANS ultravi-olet light.
  2. Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with ANS muscles,glands, and sensory receptors.
  3. A burn affecting only the epidermis is a ANS superficial partial-thickness burn.
  4. Three physiological factors that affect the color of skin are ANS volume of blood in dermal vessels, carotene in the subcutaneous layer, and variousdiseases. ANS True
  5. A nail consists of ANS a nail bed and nail plate.
  6. Which of the following is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold environment? ANS Dermal blood vessels constrict.
  7. Skin cells play an important role in producing ANS vitamin D.
  8. The arrector pili muscle is attached to ANS a hair follicle.
  9. Reddened skin reflects ANS dilated blood vessels with more blood entering thedermis.
  10. As epidermal cells move up through the strata away from their blood supply, they die and become keratinized. ANS True
  1. As a person ages, the skin typically becomes ANS spotted with patches of pig-ment.
  2. The functions of skin include ANS all of the above.
  3. Which person is at highest risk of developing a cutaneous carcinoma? ANS a light-complexioned man age 52 who goes to the beach on summer weekends anddoes not use sunblock because he likes to be tan.
  4. Melanin production is greater in the skin of people who live outdoors all the time than in people who do not. ANS True
  5. Inflammation makes skin ANS red, swollen and painful to touch.
  6. Two thieves steal jewelry, and then drop it as they are escaping. The police recover the jewelry, and an officer explains on the evening news that fingerprints were obtained from the back of a watch. The thieves, whose prints are not on file, believe that they can escape prosecution by using acid to remove the epidermis on their fingerpads, so as not to be a match for the fingerprints on the watch. They are wrong because ANS the prints arise from frictionridges of the dermis, which are not destroyed.
  7. Sebaceous glands secrete ANS fat globules that mix with cellular debris, formingsebum.
  8. The layer of the epidermis that includes melanocytes and a single row of

columnar cells that undergo mitosis is the ANS stratum basale.

  1. Shafts of hair are composed of ANS dead epidermal cells.
  2. Which of the following happens first after a scab forms? ANS fibroblasts fromthe wound edge form new collagenous fibers.
  3. In all organisms, the basic unit of structure and function is ANS the cell
  4. The thoracic cavity lies the abdominopelvic cavity. ANS supe-rior to
  5. Signs of aging at the cellular level are ANS impaired cell division and the abilityto break down and recycle worn cell parts.
  6. The diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities.- ANS True
  7. Which action is the main function of the digestive system? ANS Absorption ofnutrients
  8. The digestive system filters wastes from the blood. ANS False
  9. Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions are correct? ANS Circulation-the movement of substances in body fluids
  10. An anatomical section that separates the body into right and left portions is a section. ANS sagittal
  11. Which of the following is not true of organelles? ANS They are only in
  1. A person with alkalosis has a blood pH less than 7.3. ANS False
  2. The formula H2O refers to ANS A molecule that contains two hydrogen atoms andone oxygen atom.
  3. Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates? ANS all of the above.
  4. Lipids ANS all of the above.
  5. Electrolytes are substances that ANS ANS ionize in water.
  6. A water solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is ANS neutral
  7. Which of the following groups of compounds is hydrophobic? ANS Lipids
  8. The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is ANS 16
  9. Chromosomes duplicate during ANS Interphase
  10. During interphase, a cell rests. ANS False
  11. The organelle where energy is captured and stored in the chemical bonds of ATP is a ANS mitochondrion.
  12. If a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, ANS the cell will swell andmay eventually burst.
  1. All cell types divide at the same rate. ANS False
  2. Stages of the cell cycle unfold in the following order ANS ANS interphase, mitosis,cytoplasmic division, differentiation
  3. A protein that spans the cell membrane is termed a(n) ANS integral protein.
  4. Microfilaments and microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton. ANS True
  5. Which of the following does not influence the rate of diffusion? ANS Theamount of energy available for transport molecules
  6. Cells lose water when placed in a solution. ANS hypertonic