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(APHY 101) IVY TECH Exam 2025 –
Complete Study Guide (Verified
Questions & Answers)
Which of the following best describes the reaction NaNO3 + HCl → HNO3 + NaCl? - CORRECT ANSWER exchange reaction The function of the association area in the frontal lobe is - CORRECT ANSWER higher intellectual processes, such as reasoning and judgment. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by __________ and it __________. - CORRECT ANSWER choroid plexuses in the ventricles; protects the brain from blows to the skull The anaerobic reactions of cellular respiration occur in the __________ , whereas the aerobic reactions of cellular respiration occur in the __________. - CORRECT ANSWER cytoplasm without O2 required; mitochondria with O required A pole vaulter keeps track of his position in mid-air through - CORRECT ANSWER proprioceptors Epithelial tissue functions in - CORRECT ANSWER secretion, absorption, and protection. Receptors for the special senses are found - CORRECT ANSWER primarily in the head
Which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence? - CORRECT ANSWER Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector Epidermis is __________, whereas dermis is __________. - CORRECT ANSWER composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue; composed of connective tissue, smooth muscle, and nerve cell processes Cartilage tissues are likely to be slow in healing following an injury because - CORRECT ANSWER chondrocytes do not have direct blood supplies. Most of the joints between the short bones in the ankle and wrist are - CORRECT ANSWER plane joints The muscular system is responsible for body movements, maintenance of posture, and production of body heat. - CORRECT ANSWER true Chemistry deals with - CORRECT ANSWER the composition and changes of substances that make up living as well as non-living matter. The __________ is the thin meninx attached to the surface of the brain, containing many nerves and blood vessels. - CORRECT ANSWER pia mater The three borders of the scapula are called - CORRECT ANSWER the superior, lateral, and medial borders. The three borders of the scapula are called - CORRECT ANSWER long bone Action potentials are related to impulses conducted along an axon in that - CORRECT ANSWER propagation of a series of action potentials along a nerve fiber constitutes an impulse. For which of the following organelles are the structure and function correctly described? - CORRECT ANSWER Endoplasmic reticulum — a network of
Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear - CORRECT ANSWER white Blood with excess oxygen causes cyanosis. - CORRECT ANSWER false While examining a sample of muscle tissue under a microscope, you notice that the cells are multinucleated. They are long, unbranched, striated, and contain a developed transverse tubule system. Which muscle type does this sample contain? - CORRECT ANSWER skeletal muscle When K+ and Cl- meet, they will - CORRECT ANSWER from KCL with an ionic bond Myelin - CORRECT ANSWER consists of layers of lipids and proteins that wrap around an axon. The functional unit of muscle contraction is - CORRECT ANSWER the sarcomere The color receptors in the retina are most sensitive to light waves that are - CORRECT ANSWER red, green, and blue The act of closing the fingers to make a fist is an example of what type of joint movement (at the interphalangeal joints)? - CORRECT ANSWER flexion Cell membranes are described as a fluid mosaic that maintains stability while still allowing movement. What component maintains most of the flexibility of the membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER phospholipid bilayer A mutation can cause disease if - CORRECT ANSWER the DNA sequence changes so that one amino acid is substituted for another in a way that affects the encoded protein's functioning. When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true? - CORRECT ANSWER The palms are facing backward.
Stereoscopic vision results when the - CORRECT ANSWER images in the eyes are different Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus? - CORRECT ANSWER control of postural reflexes During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes first condense and become visible when stained and viewed under a microscope. - CORRECT ANSWER false A soldier suffers a brain injury, and becomes unable to speak. The damage is likely in - CORRECT ANSWER Broca's area Rotation of the forearms so the palms face upward is called pronation. - CORRECT ANSWER false The origin of the term "anatomy" is related to - CORRECT ANSWER the Greek word for "cutting up." The muscle that adducts and flexes the arm is the - CORRECT ANSWER coracobrachialis A motor unit is - CORRECT ANSWER a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates If a person contracted meningitis (an inflammation of the meninges due to infection), which specific nervous structures would be inflamed and swollen? - CORRECT ANSWER The pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater The central nervous system (CNS) consists of - CORRECT ANSWER brain and spinal cord Treatment for a cataract is usually removal of the - CORRECT ANSWER lens The genetic code is - CORRECT ANSWER the correspondence between a sequence of three DNA nucleotides and a specific amino acid.
A person is exposed to a drug that prevents vesicles from forming in neurons. Predict the effect this will have on nerve function. - CORRECT ANSWER Neurotransmitters won't be released into the synapse via exocytosis. A tooth root attached to a jawbone by a periodontal ligament is a __________.
- CORRECT ANSWER gomphosis A molecule that carries energy in a form the cell can use is - CORRECT ANSWER ATP Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity? - CORRECT ANSWER Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems The tissue through which gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs is - CORRECT ANSWER simple squamous epithelium Golgi tendon organs are stimulated more when - CORRECT ANSWER you are straining a muscle hard and causing increased tension. Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates? - CORRECT ANSWER All of the answer choices are correct. The process by which cells specialize is called differentiation. - CORRECT ANSWER true The femur - CORRECT ANSWER is the longest bone in the body If the sinus cavities located within the skull were instead completely filled with bone, the skull would be much heavier. - CORRECT ANSWER true A test organism develops a genetic mutation that causes neurons to develop without synaptic knobs. How will this impact neuronal function? - CORRECT
ANSWER No neurotransmitters will be released into the synapse to signal the postsynaptic neuron, as the synaptic knob is where they are stored. Which of the following bone shape is stated with an incorrect example? - CORRECT ANSWER flat bone- thigh bone Sensory receptors include - CORRECT ANSWER baroreceptors Which of the following is not a primary taste sensation? - CORRECT ANSWER pungent Which of the following characteristics is used to name tissue types? - CORRECT ANSWER organization of cells Which of the following describes the epidermis? - CORRECT ANSWER all of the answer choices are correct The most rapid conduction of an impulse along an axon occurs on a fiber that is
- CORRECT ANSWER thick and myelinated. If a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, - CORRECT ANSWER the cell will swell and may eventually burst. The increase in the number of motor units activated as a result of more intense stimulation is called - CORRECT ANSWER recruitment The types of neurons that are organized into neuronal pools are - CORRECT ANSWER interneurons Matter is composed of elements, which are composed of __________. - CORRECT ANSWER atoms Sweat cools the body by - CORRECT ANSWER evaporation Joints are also called - CORRECT ANSWER articulations
The nail plate is produced by - CORRECT ANSWER specialized epithelial cells Neuralgia cells in PNS - CORRECT ANSWER Schwann cells and satellite cells Neuralgia of CNS - CORRECT ANSWER astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells Functions of the nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER sensory input, integration/interpretation, motor output, homeostasis The CNS includes: - CORRECT ANSWER spinal cord and brain The PNS includes: - CORRECT ANSWER cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia Visceral - CORRECT ANSWER Autonomic involuntary Somatic - CORRECT ANSWER voluntary Sensory nerves - CORRECT ANSWER Brings info to the CNS Motor nerves - CORRECT ANSWER Sends info from the CNS Somatic sensory example: - CORRECT ANSWER Skin, muscle, joints Somatic motor example: - CORRECT ANSWER Muscle Visceral sensory example: - CORRECT ANSWER Internal organs Visceral motor example: - CORRECT ANSWER Internal organs (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands) Afferent: - CORRECT ANSWER sensory
Efferent: - CORRECT ANSWER motor Sympathetic - CORRECT ANSWER fight or flight Parasympathetic - CORRECT ANSWER rest and digest Dendrite - CORRECT ANSWER Receives incoming signals from surrounding areas ---> cell body Soma/ nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER Area where nucleus is found. Still has all the cell parts (cytoplasm, mitochondria, Golgi, ETC.) Axon - CORRECT ANSWER Tube-like extension of cell membranes that conducts action potential. Transmits to the end of the axon Nodes of Ranvier - CORRECT ANSWER Gaps in the myelin that allow the Action potential to jump Axon terminal - CORRECT ANSWER Distal end of an axon Schwann cell - CORRECT ANSWER The glia cell that creates myelin in the PNS myelin sheath - CORRECT ANSWER Whitish lipid/protein substance that surrounds some axons. allows for axons to increase the speed of the action potential (propagation) Oligodendrocytes - CORRECT ANSWER produce myelin in CNS Gray matter: - CORRECT ANSWER Areas in the CNS that are highly unmyelinated
Synarthrosis joint: - CORRECT ANSWER A joint that doesn't move or have a joint capsule Amphiarthrosis joint: - CORRECT ANSWER A joint that has some movement but still no joint capsule Diarthrosis joint: - CORRECT ANSWER The joint with the most movement and does have a joint capsule Synarthrosis joints include: - CORRECT ANSWER sutures, gomphoses, and synchondroses Sutures structure is: - CORRECT ANSWER Fibrous, ex. Between bones of the skull Gomphoses structure is: - CORRECT ANSWER Fibrous, ex. Joints held by ligaments, between teeth, and alveoli of jaw Synchondroses structure is: - CORRECT ANSWER cartilaginous, ex. Costal cartilage and epiphyseal plates Syndesmoses structure is: - CORRECT ANSWER Fibrous, ex. Interosseous membranes, between radius and ulna, and tibia and fibula Symphyses joints structure is: - CORRECT ANSWER Cartilaginous, ex. Pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs Synovial joints structure is: - CORRECT ANSWER Joint capsule, ex. Free moving joints Amphiarthrosis joints include: - CORRECT ANSWER syndesmosis, symphysis
