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How far back do the oldest known actual
fossils of primates date?
65 myr ago
TERM 2
When are primates believed to have split
from other mammals and the order primates
believed to have formed?
DEFINITION 2
90 myr BP
TERM 3
What are plesiadapiformes?
DEFINITION 3
Suborder of the order primates, includes archaic and extinct
primates
TERM 4
How far do the earliest known fossils of
plesiadapiformes go back?
DEFINITION 4
65 myr ago
TERM 5
Where did plesiadapiformes live?
DEFINITION 5
N America and Europe
Describe the anatomy of plesiadapiformes
Sm brains, long snouts, rodentlike front incisors, lack of
postorbital bars, lack of orbital convergence (eyes off to the
sides)
TERM 7
What are Euprimates?
DEFINITION 7
A suborder of the primate order which includes modern
primates
TERM 8
When are Euprimates believed to have first
appeared?
DEFINITION 8
55 myr ago
TERM 9
Where are the oldest fossils of Euprimates
from?
DEFINITION 9
N America, Europe, & Asia
TERM 10
What are modern features of
Euprimates?
DEFINITION 10
Orbital convergence, postorbital bars, uniform occurrence of
grasping hands & feet
What are the identifying traits of the
superfamily Hominoidea?
2123/2123 dental formula, Y-5 molars, lack of tail
TERM 17
What are the 2 types of early hominoids?
DEFINITION 17
Dental Apes & Suspensory Apes
TERM 18
Describe Dental Apes
DEFINITION 18
Had teeth & jaws like modern apes; slender, monkeylike
bodies; probably moved by running & leaping in trees
TERM 19
What is an example of a Dental
Ape?
DEFINITION 19
Proconsul
TERM 20
Describe Suspensory Apes
DEFINITION 20
Resembled modern apes both in terms of teeth/dentition &
postcranial body; broad torso; short, lower back; long arms;
short legs; hangers & swingers; longer fingers
What are examples of Suspensory
Apes?
Dryopithecus laietanus from Spain (9.5 mya), Morotopithecus
from Africa (20 mya), Oreopithecus from Europe (5-10 mya)
TERM 22
Which type of early hominoid did
anthropologists typically conclude hominins
descended from?
DEFINITION 22
Suspensory apes
TERM 23
When does the tribe Hominini first appear in
the fossil record?
DEFINITION 23
7 mya
TERM 24
What are 2 primary traits that define the tribe
hominini?
DEFINITION 24
Reduction in canine length (& loss of C/P3 honing complex) &
habitual bipedalism
TERM 25
Of the 2 primary traits that define the tribe
hominini, which is considered more
important?
DEFINITION 25
Habitual bipedalism
What are australopiths?
Hominins belonging to the tribe hominini's subtribe
Australopithecina
TERM 32
Describe the
australopiths
DEFINITION 32
Inhabited Africa; 7-1 myr BP; 320-540 cc brain size; indications of
bipedalism w/ some signs of climbing; diet of fruits, seeds, roots,
nuts, some meat; mix of woodland & savanna; most species show
no evidence of tools; probably didn't talk; apelike throat
proportions; body size dimorphism suggests polygynous mating;
probably gave rise to Paranthropus & Homo
TERM 33
Which 2 australopith species show evidence
of possible tool use?
DEFINITION 33
Paranthropus robustus & Australopithecus garhi
TERM 34
What are the dates for the first fossils of the
subtribe hominina?
DEFINITION 34
2.4 myr BP
TERM 35
What 2 species are called "early
Homo"?
DEFINITION 35
Homo habilis & Homo rudolfensis
What is the Social Brain theory?
Brains got bigger in order to handle the complexities of
bigger social groups
TERM 37
When was the first evidence for fire dated
to?
DEFINITION 37
790,000 ya
TERM 38
When did Homo sapiens first appear?
DEFINITION 38
195,000 ya
TERM 39
What are the 2 main hypotheses about the
origins of modern people?
DEFINITION 39
Multiregional model & Out of Africa model
TERM 40
Describe the Multiregional model
DEFINITION 40
Early premodern hominins spread & evolved separately,
independently appearing in at least 4 different places;
believe in gene flow & parallel evolution
What are the oldest modern fossils from
Europe?
39,000 ya
TERM 47
What are the oldest modern fossils from Asia?
DEFINITION 47
42,000-39,000 ya
TERM 48
When was the main movement out of Africa?
DEFINITION 48
70,000-50,000 ya
TERM 49
When was the cultural revolution?
DEFINITION 49
50,000 ya
