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APEA QBank Practice Test
What is the treatment of choice for community acquired, uncomplicated pneumonia? - ANSWER amoxicillin Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is a type of ____________ anemia. - ANSWER pernicious; macrocytic Prostate infection or inflammation can cause a sharp rise in PSA values. When should this value go back down to normal levels and be checked after an acute infection? - ANSWER 4 weeks The most common cause of atypical pneumonia in adults - ANSWER mycoplasma pneumoniae
An herbal supplement thought to help BPH - ANSWER saw palmetto A male patient presents to your clinic with a lump in his breast. How should we work this up? - ANSWER clinical breast exam, mammogram, AND ultrasound If a patient with strep comes back after 48 hours with no improvement on antibiotics, what should you then prescribe? - ANSWER a penicillin or cephalosporin with beta lactamase coverage How long must a tick be attached to the skin in order for Lyme disease to be transferred? - ANSWER 48 hours When should kids be treated for hypertension? - ANSWER if they also have diabetes, are symptomatic, have hypertension > 95th percentile, or when end organ damage is present
What finding would be most likely to differentiate gout from septic arthritis? - ANSWER fever would be indicative of septic arthritis Diphenhydramine has __________ properties and is contraindicated in which patient populations? - ANSWER anticholinergic; elderly and those with glaucoma The medical term for flat feet - ANSWER pes planus How does plantar fasciitis usually present? - ANSWER as pain in the morning with resolution after several steps, but as it worsens the patient will start to complain of heel pain throughout the day and with walking
Scope of practice for NPs is not influenced by which entity? - ANSWER a court of law Used to establish a designated level of professional competence - ANSWER licensure Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism is generally not indicated unless the TSH is ___________. - ANSWER greater than 10 In the presence of an elevated serum TSH, what is the next step in management? - ANSWER repeat TSH plus free T Patients with a history of UC or Crohn's should have a colonoscopy how often? - ANSWER every 1-5 years due to the increased risk of colorectal cancer
How is permethrin applied to the skin for scabies? - ANSWER a one time application to all skin below the neck and then left on for 8- 12 hours is sufficient After exposure to HIV, when will the patient seroconvert and become positive? - ANSWER 3 months Is age less than 18 years a risk factor for an ectopic pregnancy? - ANSWER no; but personal history of PID, an IUD, previous ectopic pregnancy, previous tubal surgery, pathology, or ligation all are risk factors What is Tanner stage 5 of breast development in females? - ANSWER projection of the nipple only
What are two common classes of drugs that interact with grapefruit juice? - ANSWER statins and CCBs Ankle inversion is a common complaint from a patient with what? - ANSWER a lateral ankle sprain How can we best diagnose coarctation of the aorta? - ANSWER by comparing the upper and lower extremity blood pressures What is the most important risk factor for developing breast cancer in women of average risk? - ANSWER age hey - ANSWER stopped at top of page 7
Oral contraceptive regimen in which both the estrogen and progesterone concentrations vary throughout the cycle - ANSWER quadriphasic Oral contraceptive regimen in which the estrogen and progestin doses are fixed throughout the cycle - ANSWER monophasic Oral contraceptive regimen in which in the estrogen dose remains the same for the first 21 days of the cycle, while progestin is lower in the first half and higher in the second half - ANSWER biphasic Oral contraceptive regimen in which the estrogen remains consistent and the progestin dose varies - ANSWER triphasic
Patients who are receiving beta blockers may find what treatment for allergies ineffective? - ANSWER treatments containing epinephrine For a patient on warfarin who needs to receive a tetracycline antibiotic, how will we adjust their warfarin? - ANSWER tetracyclines depress prothrombin activity, same as warfarin, so we need to decrease the warfarin to avoid an increase in INR and significant bleeding What is the herbal, valerian root often used for? - ANSWER insomnia/sleep, ADHD, anxiety, depression What is the herbal, saw palmetto, often used for? - ANSWER BPH What is the herbal, black kohosh, often used for? - ANSWER symptoms of menopause - hot flashes
Overweight women should gain how much weight during pregnancy? - ANSWER 15-25 pounds Normal weight people should gain how much weight during pregnancy?
- ANSWER 25-35 pounds Underweight people should gain how much weight during pregnancy? - ANSWER 28-40 pounds Pregnant women should increase their daily caloric intake by how many calories per day? - ANSWER 300 Immunizations are considered to be what level of prevention? - ANSWER primary
Children can start to ride a tricycle around age _____ - ANSWER 3 A gray or white ring present around the peripheral iris - ANSWER arcus senilis What causes arcus senilis? - ANSWER it is a normal, benign condition with aging, but can also occur in younger people as a result of high cholesterol and triglycerides How is a diagnosis of neuroblastoma confirmed? - ANSWER via serum catecholamine testing and a biopsy Are saturated or unsaturated fatty acids better for you? - ANSWER unsaturated
The first sign of puberty in girls - ANSWER thelarche (breast budding) When the uterine lining grows in to the uterine muscle wall - ANSWER adenomyosis; this is often asymptomatic and may result in heavier periods What are the 4 components of Tetralogy of Fallot? - ANSWER VSD, pulmonic stenosis, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy What does the murmur of Tet of Fallot sound like? - ANSWER harsh systolic murmur at the left upper sternal border What is a tet spell? - ANSWER when the child turns blue during crying or feeding
How do we treat thrush in infants? - ANSWER application of nystatin to inside of the mouth, sterilize all pacifiers and bottle nipples; a topical antifungal may be applied to the nipples HMO and PPOs are called what? - ANSWER managed care plans TCAs can cause what worsened problem in a patient with BPH? - ANSWER urinary retention Signs of a ruptured ovarian cyst - ANSWER nausea, vomiting, shoulder pain, fever
PID should improve after ____ of the antibiotic course. - ANSWER 3 days A loss of the central sulcus of the prostate on DRE is a sign of what? - ANSWER BPH A woman who gets the MMR vaccine should wait at least __________ before getting pregnant. - ANSWER 4 weeks What is a major cause of cleft palate and lip? - ANSWER smoking during pregnancy
What is Auspitz sign? - ANSWER the appearance of small bleeding points after successive layers of scale have been removed from the surface of psoriatic papules or plaques Treatment of choice for pyelonephritis - ANSWER ciprofloxacin
