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APEA PREDICTOR EXAM|| QUESTIONS AND
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What is the biggest side effect of colchicine? - ANSWER: diarrhea
How would you describe the appearance of molluscum contagiosum? - ANSWER: papules that are umbilicated and contain a caseous plug
How do we treat a broken clavicle in an infant? - ANSWER: no treatment; it should heal on it's own
At what week of pregnancy is the uterus palpable just above the pubic symphysis? - ANSWER: week 12
At what week of pregnancy is the fundus palpable halfway between the pubic symphysis and umbilicus? - ANSWER: week 16
At what week of pregnancy is the fundus of the uterus at the umbilicus? - ANSWER: week 20
At what week of pregnancy is the fundus of the uterus halfway between the xiphoid process and umbilicus? - ANSWER: week 28
At what week of pregnancy is the fundus just below the xiphoid process? - ANSWER: week 34
Increased sweat production is a sign of what endocrine disorder? - ANSWER: hyperthyroidism
What is Paget's disease? - ANSWER: there is localized increased bone turnover and blood flow resulting in the breakdown of bone and replacing it with weakened and highly vascular bone putting the indiv at increased risk of fractures
How do we treat Paget's diseease? - ANSWER: bisphosphonates
How should pregnant women wear their seatbelt? - ANSWER: with the shoulder strap like a normal person and then the groin strap below the belly and across the hips
What is another name for fifth disease? - ANSWER: parvovirus aka slapped cheek disease aka erythema infectiosum
Which type of prevention are vaccinations? - ANSWER: primary
When should patients begin antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection? - ANSWER: as soon as it is detected, even if in the acute phase
What are the first generation antihistamines? - ANSWER: diphenhydramine (benadryl) and chlorpeniramine (actifed)
What are s/s of the secondary stage of syphilis? - ANSWER: rash on hands and feet, lymphadenopathy, fever
What is the recommended treatment for chronic bacterial prostatitis? - ANSWER: a fluoroquinolone (cipro or levo) + bactrim
How do we diagnose PAD? - ANSWER: an ABI < 7; doppler can also be used to diagnose as well but is the second choice
What are s/s of peripheral vascular disease? - ANSWER: think V meaning volume overload aka edema, may ache or be uncomfortable but is not painful, bounding pulses, ruddy discoloration
If a patient is on Coumadin but then they may need to go on an antibiotic for an infection and Bactrim is the drug of choice, what should you do? - ANSWER: Bactrim increases INR so we would want to decrease the coumadin dose while the patient is on this
If a patient is on Coumadin but then they may need to go on Rifampin, what should you do? - ANSWER: Rifampin decreases INR so we'd want to increase the coumadin dose
If a patient on coumadin's INR is 3.1-4 ,what should you do? - ANSWER: decrease the weekly dose by 5-10%
If a patient on coumadin's INR is 4.1-5.0, what should you do? - ANSWER: hold one dose then decrease the weekly dose by 10%
If a patient's INR is greater than 5, what should you do? - ANSWER: consult cards, likely would hold two doses then decrease the weekly dose
An anorexic patient will have a BMI of what? - ANSWER: less than 18
What is primary amenorrhea? - ANSWER: when the patient has never gotten their period before (there is an absence of menarche) but they have all of their secondary sex characteristics
Secondary amenorrhea is a lack of menses after of not having a period; but you have had one before - ANSWER: 3 months
What do we need to do first when a patient comes in with secondary amenorrhea? - ANSWER: rule out pregnancy
Anorexia can put you at risk for what? - ANSWER: osteoporosis, amenorrhea, cardiac damage
Amenorrhea is considered a risk factor for what? - ANSWER: osteoporosis
What is the best indication of an anorexic patient doing better? They tell you they are eating more, they have weight gain, or they get their period back? - ANSWER: they get their period back
If a pregnant woman has syphilis, what should we do? - ANSWER: treat it with penicillin while she is pregnant because there is risk for spontaneous abortion
What is the causative organism of mastitis? - ANSWER: staph
What is the first line treatment for mastitis? - ANSWER: keflex (a cephalosporin). If that doesn't work, then try another antibiotic. If that STILL doesn't work, then refer for an ultrasound
What is one of the biggest risk factors for cervical cancer? - ANSWER: numerous sexual partners
How do we treat temporal arteritis? - ANSWER: steroids
If a patient is on birth control and they miss one pill, what should they do? - ANSWER: double up
If a patient is on birth control and they miss two pills, what should they do? - ANSWER: double up for 2 days
If any woman comes in with painless vaginal bleeding between periods (esp if she is postmenopausal), what should you do? - ANSWER: do a pregnancy test and then refer for endometrial biopsy to rule out endometrial cancer
In terms of the breasts, is used for screening and is used for diagnosis. - ANSWER: mammogram; ultrasound
When do we screen for group B strep in pregnancy? - ANSWER: weeks 35-
When do we perform alpha fetoprotein screening in pregnancy? - ANSWER: 15- 20 weeks
Alpha fetoprotein screening in pregnancy can help determine the presence of what in pregnancy? - ANSWER: spina bifida and anencephaly
What is placenta previa? - ANSWER: when the placenta blocks the cervical opening of the uterus
What is placenta abruptio? - ANSWER: when the placenta either fully or partially detaches from the uterine wall
When does placental abruption most commonly occur? - ANSWER: in the third trimester
What is the major difference in symptomalogy between placenta abruptio and placenta previa? - ANSWER: a placental abruption is painful whereas placenta previa is painless
If a pregnant woman comes in with painless vaginal bleeding, what should we be considering? - ANSWER: placenta previa
What is the recommended treatment for polymyalgia rheumatica? - ANSWER: steroids
Patients with SLE are going to have what abnormal labwork? - ANSWER: elevated ESR and CRP
How do we treat lupus flares? - ANSWER: steroids
What are common sequelae of fibromyalgia? - ANSWER: insomnia and depression
What is a great treatment option for fibromyalgia? - ANSWER: amitriptyline (a TCA) because it helps with chronic pain, sleep, and depression
How is fibromyalgia diagnosed? - ANSWER: when at least 8 out of 11 points bilaterally are tender to touch and the symptoms have lasted longer than 3 months
Bursitis can be a issue - ANSWER: recurrent
The medical term for knock knees - ANSWER: genu valgum
The medical term for bow legs - ANSWER: genu varum
What is myasthenia gravis? - ANSWER: an autoimmune disorder that causes muscle weakness of the voluntary muscles
Genu valgum is caused by a problem with what? - ANSWER: the medial collateral ligament; think valgum as in gum makes your knees stick together
Genu varum is caused by a problem with what? - ANSWER: the lateral collateral ligament
What are shin splints? - ANSWER: a medial tibial syndrome caused by overuse of the muscles
How do we treat shin splints? - ANSWER: rest and avoidance of exercise until the pain resolves
What is the tell-tale difference between a herniated disc and sciatica? - ANSWER: sciatica feels better when you stand, a herniated disc feels better when you sit down
When will spinal or lumbar stenosis feel better? - ANSWER: when the patient sits down
What is Korsakoff syndrome? - ANSWER: a deficiency in thiamine and folate caused by alcoholism
What changes to the vagina occur with aging? - ANSWER: dryness, loss of rugae, less pubic hair
What is a navicular fracture? - ANSWER: also known as a scaphoid fracture; this impacts the snuff box and causes tenderness there. This will have to be casted to stabilize the fracture
Heberden and bouchard's nodes are indicative of what disease process? What about swan neck deformities? - ANSWER: osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis
What is Morton's neuroma? - ANSWER: a mass between the 3rd and 4th toes that feels like a pebble; most common in women who wear high heels or tight shoes
How is Morton's neuroma diagnosed? - ANSWER: via a positive Muddler's or squeeze test causing pain
What is the hook test? - ANSWER: used to assess for a bicep tendon issue
How do we treat any rotator cuff injuries? - ANSWER: wear a sling to stabilize the arm and refer to ortho
How long do migraine headaches last? - ANSWER: 4-72 hours
How can we abort cluster headaches? - ANSWER: calcium or 100% oxygen application
What are s/s of Addison's disease? - ANSWER: bronze or discolored skin, salt cravings
a rare complication of pregnancy characterized by the abnormal growth of trophoblasts, the cells that normally develop into the placenta - ANSWER: molar pregnancy
What bacteria is the leading cause of urethritis? - ANSWER: neisseria gonorrhea
What is the most common cause of hypercortisolism? - ANSWER: excessive ACTH production
How do we treat developmental hip dysplasia in a child under 6 months? - ANSWER: Pavlik harness; if older than 6 months may need surgery
It is recommended that all children younger than with sickle cell anemia take daily prophylactic antibiotics. What antibiotic is this? - ANSWER: 5 years old; penicillin
When can cervical cancer screening stop if no abnormal screening history is present? - ANSWER: age 65
When should breast cancer screening begin and end with a biannual mammogram? - ANSWER: age 50-
When should colorectal cancer screening stop? - ANSWER: age 85
Who qualifies for a low dose CT scan for lung cancer screening purposes? - ANSWER: age 50-80 years anyone who currently smokes or has stopped smoking within the last 5 years
What does an ASC-US (atypical squamos cells of undetermined significance) pap smear result necessitate? - ANSWER: Do HPV testing with this. If positive, repeat in one year if age 21-24 or send for colposcopy if older than 25. If negative, repeat pap in 3 years.
Which pap smear result is considered to be HPV positive? - ANSWER: LSIL
If a patient has LSIL with a negative HPV test, what would you do? - ANSWER: repeat in 1 year
If a patient has LSIL with no HPV test or a positive HPV test, what should you do? - ANSWER: refer for colposcopy
If a patient's pap results show NILM, what should you do? - ANSWER: repeat in 3 years
If a patient's pap results show ASC-H or HSIL what should you do? - ANSWER: refer for colposcopy
The valgus stress test assesses what? - ANSWER: the medial collateral ligament
The varus stress test assesses what? - ANSWER: the lateral collateral ligament
The Lachman's test assesses what? - ANSWER: the ACL
