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APEA NP MyQbank Pathophysiology New Completed Questions with Rationales 2024APEA NP MyQbank Pathophysiology New Completed Questions with Rationales 2024APEA NP MyQbank Pathophysiology New Completed Questions with Rationales 2024APEA NP MyQbank Pathophysiology New Completed Questions with Rationales 2024
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Rationale: The sudden onset of severe chest pain radiating to the back is characteristic of aortic dissection, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate attention.
Rationale: The presence of bilateral interstitial infiltrates with the symptoms described is indicative of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, often associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Rationale: The symptoms and lab findings suggest an obstruction of bile flow, known as cholestasis, rather than generalized liver inflammation or damage.
Rationale: Patients with COPD are prone to bronchitis, which can exacerbate their respiratory symptoms.
A) Rheumatoid arthritis B) Systemic lupus erythematosus C) Scleroderma D) Dermatomyositis
Rationale: The butterfly rash is characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease that can also cause joint pain.
Rationale: The symptoms described are typical of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a functional gastrointestinal disorder.
Rationale: The symptoms described are classic signs of diabetes mellitus, and fasting blood glucose is a key diagnostic test for this condition.
Rationale: Elevated serum amylase and lipase levels are indicative of acute pancreatitis, an inflammatory condition of the pancreas.
Rationale: High uric acid levels and the described symptoms are characteristic of gout, a form of inflammatory arthritis.
Rationale: The classic triad of productive cough, night sweats, and weight loss is highly suggestive of tuberculosis.
Rationale: This patient is likely experiencing anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction, and requires immediate treatment with intramuscular epinephrine.
C. Obesity D. Genetic mutation
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is caused by the immune system attacking and destroying the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Which of the following is a common symptom of heart failure? A. Hypertension B. Bradycardia C. Peripheral edema D. Decreased respiratory rate
Rationale: Peripheral edema is a common symptom of heart failure due to fluid buildup in the extremities. How is a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis typically confirmed? A. MRI findings of demyelination B. Blood test for specific antibodies C. Electrocardiogram abnormalities D. Pulmonary function tests
Rationale: Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is often confirmed by MRI showing characteristic demyelinating lesions in the central nervous system. Which of the following is a first-line treatment for hypertension? A. Beta-blockers B. ACE inhibitors C. Calcium channel blockers D. Diuretics
Rationale: Diuretics are often used as first-line treatment for hypertension to reduce blood volume and lower blood pressure. What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism of asthma? A. Airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction B. Excessive mucus production in the airways C. Alveolar damage and fibrosis D. Pulmonary embolism
Rationale: Asthma is characterized by inflammation and constriction of the airways, leading to breathing difficulties.
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis C. Hypothyroidism D. Hypercalcemia
Rationale: Untreated diabetes mellitus can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis, a life-threatening complication characterized by high blood sugar and ketone levels. What is the primary cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? A. Prolonged bed rest B. Severe pneumonia C. Excessive exercise D. Vitamin D deficiency
Rationale: ARDS is often caused by severe pneumonia, sepsis, or other conditions leading to inflammation and damage to the lungs. Which of the following is a common symptom of Crohn's disease? A. Bloody diarrhea B. Hypertension C. Hair loss
D. Insomnia
Rationale: Bloody diarrhea is a common symptom of Crohn's disease due to inflammation and ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract. What is the primary treatment goal for rheumatoid arthritis? A. Pain management B. Immunosuppression C. Symptom masking D. Joint replacement surgery
Rationale: The primary goal in treating rheumatoid arthritis is to suppress the immune system to reduce inflammation and joint damage. Which of the following laboratory findings is indicative of acute kidney injury? A. Elevated creatinine and BUN levels B. Low white blood cell count C. High platelet count D. Normal electrolyte levels
Rationale: Fatigue is a common symptom of hypothyroidism due to reduced metabolic activity and energy production. What is the primary treatment approach for acute myocardial infarction (heart attack)? A. Antibiotic therapy B. Surgical intervention C. Thrombolytic therapy D. Dialysis
Rationale: Thrombolytic therapy is often used in the acute phase of a heart attack to dissolve blood clots and restore blood flow to the heart muscle. Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)? A. Elevated liver enzymes B. Positive anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) C. Low blood pressure D. Hyperglycemia
Rationale: Positive anti-nuclear antibodies are a key diagnostic criterion for systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease. What is the primary pharmacological treatment for asthma exacerbations? A. Anticoagulants B. Bronchodilators C. Antiarrhythmics D. Antidepressants
Rationale: Bronchodilators are the primary medications used to relieve bronchoconstriction and improve airflow in asthma exacerbations. Which of the following is a common complication of uncontrolled hypertension? A. Hypocalcemia B. Cerebrovascular accident (stroke) C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypoglycemia
Rationale: Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to complications such as stroke due to the increased risk of damage to blood vessels in the brain.
B. Addison’s disease C. Grave’s disease D. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Rationale: Grave’s disease is characterized by hyperthyroidism due to an overactive thyroid gland.
Rationale: Elevated serum lipase levels are a hallmark of acute pancreatitis, indicating pancreatic inflammation.
D. Positive HLA-B27 test
Rationale: Erosions at joint margins on X-ray are a classic finding in rheumatoid arthritis due to joint destruction.
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to insulin deficiency.