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APEA EENT EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 100%
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For tx of blepharitis, pts should be instructed to apply erythromycin ointment to the affected eye using: ✔✔A 1 cm ribbon 5 times daily for 7 days The ophthalmic preparation that is NOT available OTC is: ✔✔Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Lacrisert), a lubricant Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is an antiviral agent, further classified as a(n): ✔✔Neuraminidase inhibitor The duration of action of ocular decongestants such as oxymetazoline (Visine-LR) is approximately: ✔✔6 hours-pts should be advised to apply 1-2 drops in the affected eye q 6 hours The mechanism of action for macrolides is to: ✔✔block the dissociation of peptidyl tRNA from ribosomes 2nd generation antihistamines: ✔✔have a variety of anti-inflammatory properties-including decreased mast cell mediator properties and downregulation of adhesion molecule expression After the administration of olopatadine (Pataday) ophthalmic for allergic conjunctivitis, contact lenses should not be inserted for at least: ✔✔10 minutes-do not insert if eyes are red Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of ocular steroids? ✔✔Promotes capillary proliferation and dilation The mechanism of action of polymyxin B/trimethoprim ophthalmic is: ✔✔Increased cell wall permeability/inhibition of nucleic acid and protein synthesis
Sulfacetamide/prednisolone (Blephamide) is NOT indicated in: ✔✔Ocular mycobacterial infection (ocular tuberculosis) The mechanism of action of pheniramine is that it: ✔✔Antagonized histamine-1 receptors The duration of action of meclizine (Antivert) is: ✔✔8 hours-1st gen antihistamine , onset ~1 hr with half-life of 6 hours The mechanism of action for mast cell stabilizers is: ✔✔Inhibition of histamine release and slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis The brand name for sulfacetamide ophthalmic is: ✔✔Bleph- 10 The vasoconstrictive properties of alpha- agonist medications make them beneficial for the tx of: ✔✔Sinus congestion-used to reduce edema and inflammation within sinus cavities The generic name for Dramamine is: ✔✔Dimehydrinate Which risk factor would NOT prohibit the NP from prescribing prednisolone acetate (Pred Forte)? ✔✔Superficial punctate keratitis Which of the following organisms is NOT susceptible to sulfacetamide ophthalmic (Bleph-10)? ✔✔Psuedomonas aeruginosa- does not provide adequate coverage against Neisseria species A medication that acts on the hypothalamus to produce antipyresis is: ✔✔Acetaminophen Azelasine (Astelin), for tx of allergic rhinitis, is classified as a nasal: ✔✔Antihistamine
Ocular steroids indicated for the tx of allergic conjunctivitis can be used in pts with: ✔✔Herpes zoster keratitis Polycin-B is the brand name for: ✔✔Polymyxin B and bacitracin The brand name for meclizine is: ✔✔Antivert Due to potential drug-drug interactions, therapy should be monitored when a pt is receiving erythromycin (Eyemycin) ointment and: ✔✔Warfarin-may increase serum concentration of Vit K antagonists such as warfarin Due to the potential development of pseudo tumor cerebri, tetracycline (Sumycin) should not be administered concomitantly with: ✔✔Isotretinoin (Claravis)-may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of retinoic acid derivatives A benefit of prescribing an ophthalmic antihistamine with mast cell stabilizer property would be that the mast cell stabilizer provides: ✔✔An extended duration of action-due to their high affinity to the H-1 receptor Ocular decongestants such as oxymetazoline (Visine-LR) are used to reduce: ✔✔Redness Pts should be advised to administer polymyxin B/trimethoprim q: ✔✔3 hours, maximum 6 doses in 24 hour period The most common symptoms of penicillin allergy includes hives, itchy eyes, and: ✔✔Swollen lips Bacitracin (Ocu-tracin) ophthalmic ointment inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by: ✔✔Preventing the transfer of mucopeptides into the growing cell wall
When prescribing polymyxin B sulfate/bacitracin zinc (Polycin-B), pts should be instructed to: ✔✔Complete therapy, even if sx resolve Prolonged use of bacitracin ophthalmic may result in: ✔✔Fungal overgrowth Which of the following is classified as a 2nd gen antihistamine? ✔✔Fexofenadine (Allegra) Hydroxyzine-1st gen Pts being treated with trifluridine (Viroptic) for herpes simplex 1 keratoconjunctivitis should be advised to return to the clinic if they do not experience sx improvement within: ✔✔7 days Polymyxin B/trimethoprim ophthalmic is NOT indicated for: ✔✔Ophthalmia neonatorum-does not treat the most common bacterial causes The mechanism of action of trifluridine (Viroptic), an ophthalmic antiviral, used the treatment of herpes simplex conjunctivitis is: ✔✔Interference with viral replication by inhibiting thymidylate synthetase A common side effect of oral phenylephrine (Sudafed), a decongestant is: ✔✔Anxiety Cephalosporins are classified as: ✔✔Beta-lactam antibiotics Ophthalmic cromolyn inhibits the degranulation of sensitized mast cells. It is indicated in the treatment of: ✔✔Vernal conjunctivitis Dosing of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) for older adult pts with active influenza and a creatinine clearance between 30-60 mL/min is: ✔✔30mg PO BID for 5 days
When examining the conjunctiva and sclera, have the patient look upwards and then: ✔✔Depress both lower lids with your thumbs, exposing the sclera and conjunctiva All of the following are examples of causes of sensorineural hearing loss in children except: ✔✔The presence of cerumen impaction When assessing extraocular movements: ✔✔Include the cardinal directions of gaze A pt c/o seeing specks that obscure his line of vision when he looks in a certain direction. This impairment could be caused by: ✔✔scotomas On exam of the pupils, both are round but the right pupil appears larger than the left and reacts much slower to light. This condition may be indicative of: ✔✔a tonic pupil or Adele's pupil The gradual loss of vision with a change in color and size of the optic disc is referred to as: ✔✔Glaucoma A pt presents with c/o burning, itching, tearing, and some pain in the eye. Findings reveal red, scaly, greasy flakes and thickened, crusted lid margins. This would be suggestive of: ✔✔Blepharitis Surgical perforation of the tympanic membrane to allow drainage of middle ear secretions is termed: ✔✔A myringotomy A 50-year-old pt c/o being unable to read the hymnal at church. This describes ✔✔Presbyopia- may begin in the 5th or 6th decade of life A 57-year-old man with a hx of diabetes complains of difficulty hearing on the telephone and muffled sounds while watching the television at a low volume. He should be further evaluated
for: ✔✔Presbycusis-most common type of sensorineural hearing loss caused by natural aging of the auditory system A person who has been blind since birth presents for a physical exam. Expected findings of the pupillary reaction when light is shown would be: ✔✔It depends-on type of blindness. In order to visualize the opening of Stensen's duct, examine the: ✔✔Buccal mucosa opposite the 2nd molar Sudden bilateral and painful visual loss is rare but can be associated with: ✔✔Radiation exposure Painless vision loss associated with medications Examples of sudden, painful, unilateral visual loss include all the following except: ✔✔Retinal detachment When comparing veins and arteries in the eyes of older adults, the arteries appear: ✔✔Less brilliant A condition that involves optic nerve damage and visual field changes is termed: ✔✔Glaucoma- leading cause of blindness in the United States Which disorder of the eye can be detected with the cover0uncover and the Hirschberg test? ✔✔Strabismus-misalignment of the eyes A 30-year-old pt presents with a moderate "aching" in his right eye. Findings reveal a small and irregular shaped right pupil. The cornea appears cloudy with a slight erythematous area around the corneal limbus. There is no ocular discharge noted. These findings are consistent with: ✔✔Acute iritis-vision is decreased and photophobia present, considered an emergency and is usually related to Herpes zoster infection or tuberculosis
Complications of acute otitis media can include: ✔✔Mastoiditis Erythema, edema and narrowing of the diameter of the external auditory canal is most likely related to: ✔✔Otitis externa Mastoiditis is most commonly caused by: ✔✔Streptococcus pneumoniae The process that is NOT associated with the progression of mastoiditis is: ✔✔Temporal bone reconstruction and increased septal vascularity Subjective tinnitus is thought to be caused by: ✔✔Abnormal neuronal activity An acute inflammation in the supraglottic region of the oropharynx is most likely: ✔✔Epiglottitis Which one of the following is the eye condition in which objects in close proximity are clear and objects in the distance are blurry? ✔✔Myopia (nearsightedness) Normal intraocular pressure is: ✔✔ 10 - 23 mmHg Hearing loss that occurs due to tympanic membrane's inability to vibrate in response to sound is known as: ✔✔Sensorineural hearing loss Transmission of rhinovirus: ✔✔May occur via hand-to-hand contact Light that is focused behind the retina causes the visual disturbance known as: ✔✔Hyperopia- normal finding in children younger than 6 years old.
Sensorineural hearing loss is due to dysfunction of the: ✔✔Inner ear The majority of epistaxis episodes occur in the anterior portion of the septum, which is known as: ✔✔Kiesselbach's plexus Recurrent epistaxis in children is most often caused by: ✔✔Staphylococcus aureus The early allergic response is mediated by: ✔✔Mast cells & basophils The failure of one or both eyes to achieve normal visual acuity despite normal structural health is called: ✔✔Amblyopia Which of the following produces and releases leukotriene C4 and histamine into tear fluid during allergic response? ✔✔Eosinophils The common pathogen associated with otitis media is: ✔✔Streptococcus pneumoniae Peritonsillar abscess is a complication of: ✔✔Tonsillitis The inability of the brain to interpret sound that enters the ear normally is called: ✔✔Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder Persistent overflow of tears over the lower lid margin is: ✔✔Epiphora An inflammation of the nasolacrimal sac that is caused by nasolacrimal duct obstruction or infection is termed: ✔✔Dacryocystitis Which one of the following processes does NOT transform sound waves into something that can be heard? ✔✔Interpretation of sound by the cochlear nerve
A nonspherical curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye that causes light to focus at different points is: ✔✔Astigmatism Fluid accumulation in the middle ear without evidence of infection is called? ✔✔Otitis media with effusion (OME) Infection of the palatine tonsils may become severe quickly because: ✔✔The area is composed of loose connective tissue The most common cause of otitis externa is: ✔✔Swimming Which one of the following helps prevent infection by maintaining the acidic environment of the ear canal? ✔✔Cerumen The inability of ossicles to properly conduct sound in the ear is described as a(n): ✔✔Conductive hearing loss Macular degeneration causes a loss of: ✔✔Central vision Local nasal irritation that causes blood vessels to become exposed and break is likely to cause: ✔✔Epistaxis Which immunoglobulin is responsible for the sx in a pt who has allergic rhinitis? ✔✔IgE A nontraumatic inflammation or irritation of the connective tissue of the eye is: ✔✔Conjunctivitis Inflammation or infection of the eyelids associated with bacterial infection, dry eyes and/or rosacea is: ✔✔Blepharitis
Lymphadenopathy associated with a peritonsillar abscess will be evident in: ✔✔Anterior cervical lymph nodes Which autoimmune disorder is characterized by dry eyes and dry mouth? ✔✔Sjogren's syndrome The principle mediator in allergic rhinitis is: ✔✔Histamine Which one of the following statements is true about the lacrimal excretory system? ✔✔The lacrimal excretory system collects tear film and drains it into the nasal cavity The most common fungal pathogen associated with otitis externa is: ✔✔Aspergillus A toddler with a suspected hearing loss would: ✔✔Likely communicate through gestures A deviated uvula without swelling may be suggestive of a: ✔✔vagus nerve lesion A reduction in vision in one or both eyes causing loss of binocular vision is termed: ✔✔Amblyopia A localized Staphylococcal infection of the hair follicles at the lid margin is suggestive of: ✔✔a hordeolum Round or oval shaped lesions surrounded by erythematous mucosa and noted on an area of the oral mucosa mat be: ✔✔Aphthous ulcers A whispered voice test allows the examiner to screen for: ✔✔general hearing loss
