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AP2 Endocrine - ALL THE HORMONES
What hormone acts on red bone marrow to stimulate development of new erythrocytes (erythropoiesis); increases oxygen-carrying capacity of blood? Erythropoietin (EPO) Where is the hormone Erythropoietin (EPO) produced? What hormone triggers relaxation of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels; increases vessel diameter (vasodilation) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - Where is the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) produced? The Heart What hormone preps the uterus for pregnancy and supports fetal development during pregnancy, also has effects on smooth muscle tissue, body temperature, blood clotting, bone tissue, and metabolism? Progesterone Where is the hormone Progesterone produced? The Gonads What hormone stimulates development of secondary female sex characteristics, regulates menstrual cycle, and has multiple effects on other tissues and organs? Estrogen What cells secrete somatostatin (growth hormone inhibiting hormone) Delta cells - What hormone is the primary antagonist of glucagon; lowers blood glucose levels by: Promotes uptake and storage of ingested nutrients, Synthesis of glycogen in liver; synthesis of fat from lipids and carbohydrates and Promotes satiety (feeling of fullness) Insulin What cells secrete Insulin Beta cells -
What hormone increase levels of glucose by breakdown of glycogen, fats, & proteins to form glucose Glucagon – What cells secrete Glucagon Alpha cells What organ contains Alpha cells, Beta cells and Delta cells Pancreas - what is secreted in response to declining calcium ion levels in blood; triggers following effects: Increases release of calcium ions from bone by stimulating osteoclast activity Increases absorption of dietary calcium ions by small intestine? Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - Where is the Parathyroid hormone (PTH) produced? Parathyroid - what hormone is the primary target to osteoclast cells in bone; osteoclast activity is inhibited by presence of this and allows osteoblast activity? Calcitonin - what secretes Calcitonin? Parafollicular cells - where are Parafollicular cells located? Thyroid - What hormone is an Inactive form = Thyroxine (T4), Active form = tetraiodothyronine (T3) - T4 is converted to T3 in/at the tissues or organs where needed, Regulation of metabolic rate - set basal metabolic rate, Promotion of growth and development -bone & muscle growth, and nervous system development, Affects regulation of blood pressure, heart rate, and other sympathetic activities - via receptors for sympathetic neurotransmitters? Thyroid hormone - What releases Thyroid hormones? The Thyroid - What Hormone increases rate and force of heart contraction and dilate bronchioles in lung, Constrict blood vessels supplying skin, digestive organs, and urinary organs (increasing blood pressure), Dilate blood vessels supplying skeletal muscles, Dilate pupils, and Decrease digestive and urinary functions? epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine -
thymosin and thymopoietin - what hormones uses paracrine signals that assist in T lymphocyte maturation? Thymus - where is thymosin and thymopoietin produced? Hypothalamic hormones - Releasing hormones -Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) -Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) -Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) -Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) -Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) Inhibiting hormones -Somatostatin -Prolactin-inhibiting factor (PRH) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) - targets the anterior pituitary gland to release thyroid stimulating hormone (TH or also known as thyrotropin) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) - causes ACTH to be released Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) - stimulates both LH and FSH release by the anterior pituitary Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) - stimulates release of Growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) - releasing hormone, causes anterior pituitary to release prolactin (PRL) Somatostatin - inhibit secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Prolactin-inhibiting factor (PRH) - inhibits of PRL release Releasing hormones - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) Inhibiting hormones - Somatostatin Prolactin-inhibiting factor (PRH) posterior pituitary - No hormones are actually made; two neurohormones are produced by hypothalamus then stored and released Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Water retention, also known as vasopressin, controls water balance Diabetes insipidus - disease caused by lack of ADH secretion or activity; causes extreme thirst and signs of dehydration because body is unable to conserve most water consumed Oxytocin (OT) - primarily focused on reproduction; target cells are in mammary glands of breast tissue and smooth muscle of uterus Oxytocin (OT) - In nursing mother, suckling stimulates the release of this; causes mammary glands to contract resulting in milk ejection The 6 hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland - Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Growth hormone (GH)
Anterior Pituitary - The _____________________ gland releases Prolactin (PRL) Anterior Pituitary - The _____________________ gland releases Growth Hormone (GH). Anterior Pituitary - The _____________________ gland releases Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH). Anterior Pituitary - The _____________________ gland releases Luteinizing Hormone (LH) anterior pituitary - The _____________________ gland releases Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) anterior pituitary - The _____________________ gland releases Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone. Posterior Pituitary - The _____________________ gland releases Antidiuretic Hormone. (ADH) Posterior Pituitary - The _____________________ gland releases Oxytocin (OT). Thyroid - The _____________________ gland releases Thyroid Hormone. Parafollicular, Thyroid - The ____________________ cells in the _____________________ gland releases Calcitonin. (separate answers by commas) Parathyroid - The _____________________ glands releases Parathyroid Hormone (PTH). Thymus - The _____________________ gland releases Thymosin and Thymopoietin. pineal gland - The _____________________ gland releases Melatonin. Cortex, Adrenal - The _____________ of the _____________________ glands release steroid hormones.
Medulla, Adrenal - The ___________ of the _____________________ glands releases mostly epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine from its Chromaffin cells. Alpha, Pancreas - The __________________ cells of the _____________________ gland secrete Glucagon. Beta, Pancreas - The __________________ cells of the _____________________ gland secrete insulin. Delta, Pancreas - The __________________ cells of the _____________________ gland secrete somatostatin which goes to the Duodenum. testes, Adrenal Glands - The _______________ make testosterone in males. The ____________ make testosterone in females. ovaries - The _______________________ makes estrogen and progesterone in females. (In males 20% ish is created by the testes, but the rest is testosterone converted to needed hormones in various tissues) Liver - Insulin Like Growth factor Hormone (IGF) is mainly produced by the _________________. Heart - Atrial natriuretic Peptide (ANP) is produced and secreted by the _____________________
