AP US HISTORY
INTENSIVE REVIEW
GUIDE
Chapter summaries derived from:
John J. Newman and John M. Schmalbach, United States History: Preparing for
the Advanced Placement Exam, AMSCO Publishing,
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Guidelines and tips
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
University Rankings
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Our save-the-student-ebooks!
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
AP US HISTORY INTENSIVE REVIEW GUIDE Preparing for the Advanced Placement Exam, Exams of United States History
AP US HISTORY INTENSIVE REVIEW GUIDE
Typology: Exams
2024/2025
1 / 73
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Related documents
Partial preview of the text
Download AP US HISTORY INTENSIVE REVIEW GUIDE Preparing for the Advanced Placement Exam and more Exams United States History in PDF only on Docsity!
AP US HISTORY
INTENSIVE REVIEW
GUIDE
Chapter summaries derived from:
John J. Newman and John M. Schmalbach, United States History: Preparing for
the Advanced Placement Exam , AMSCO Publishing,
Table of Contents
- APUSH REVIEW SHEET #1
- APUSH REVIEW SHEET #2
- APUSH REVIEW SHEET #3
- APUSH REVIEW SHEET #4
- RECURRING TOPICS
- Exploration, Discovery, and Settlement, 1492-1700..................................................................................
- The Thirteen Colonies and the British Empire, 1607-1750
- Colonial Society in the Eighteenth Century
- Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest, 1754-1774
- The American Revolution and Confederation, 1774-1787.........................................................................
- The Constitution and the New Republic, 1787-1800
- The Age of Jefferson, 1800-1816
- Nationalism
- Sectionalism
- The Age of Jackson, 1824-1844
- Society, Culture, and Reform, 1820-1860
- Territorial and Economic Expansion, 1830-1860
- The Union in Peril, 1848-1861
- The Civil War, 1861-1865
- Reconstruction, 1863-1877
- The Last West and the New South, 1865-1900..........................................................................................
- The Rise of Industrial America, 1865-1900
- The Growth of Cities and American Culture, 1865-1900
- National Politics in the Gilded Age, 1877-1900..........................................................................................
- Foreign Policy, 1865-1914
- The Progressive Era, 1901-1918
- World War I, 1914-1918
- A New Era: The 1920s...............................................................................................................................
- The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929-1939................................................................................
- AMSCO CHAPTER SUMMARY #25
- Truman and the Cold War, 1945-1952
- The Eisenhower Years, 1952-1960
- Promises and Turmoil: The 1960s.............................................................................................................
- Limits of a Superpower, 1969-1980...........................................................................................................
- The Conservative Resurgence,
1932
FDR (D) defeats Herbert Hoover (R)
Result: The New Deal. Call it what you will.
1948
Harry S Truman (D) defeats Thomas Dewey (R)
*** Third Party : Strom Thurmond (“Dixiecrat”)
“Segregation: Take One!” Truman an underdog – outhustles Dewey, who had grown overconfident Southern Democrats challenged Truman due to his support of civil rights (integrated military)
1964
LBJ (D) defeats Barry Goldwater (R)
Goldwater’s conservative wing had taken control of the convention – LBJ’s campaign portrayed Goldwater as an extremist with the “Daisy Ad” SOUTHERN REALIGNMENT: Aside from his home state of Arizona, all of Goldwater’s electoral votes came from former Confederate states.
1968
Richard Nixon (R) defeats Hubert Humphrey (D)
*** Third Party : George Wallace (American Independent)
“Segregation: Take Two!” [Twenty Years Later – Easy to Remember] SOUTHERN REALIGNMENT (Continued): Of the former Confederate states, five (5) voted for Nixon, five (5) for Wallace, and one (1) for Humphrey. The Democratic Party would no longer be able to take the “Solid South” for granted.
1980
Ronald Reagan (R) defeats Jimmy Carter (D)
This election is the first triumph of the modern conservative movement in a presidential election (Reagan had supported Goldwater in 1964)
APUSH REVIEW SHEET #2:
Landmark Supreme Court Cases
Marbury v. Madison
Marbury v. Madison is pretty much the OG of landmark Supreme Court cases. In
this decision, Chief Justice John Marshall claimed for the Court the power of
judicial review.
McCulloch v. Maryland
YES … Congress does have the power to establish a national bank (necessary and
proper, anyone?)
NO … Maryland does not have the power to tax a branch of the Bank of the United
States that is located inside its borders. “The power to tax involves the power to
destroy.” Maryland can’t use taxation to undermine the BUS.
Dred Scott v. Sandford
“A case which will live in infamy…” FDR didn’t really say this, but it would be cool
if he had. 1) Blacks cannot be citizens of the United States (although some free
blacks had exercised rights of citizenship in some states at the time that the
Constitution was drafted) and 2) Congress cannot restrict slavery in the territories ,
as to do so would undermine property rights.
This decision was effectively nullified by the Fourteenth Amendment.
APUSH REVIEW SHEET #3:
Immigration and Internal Migrations
Immigration Internal Migration
COLONIAL PERIOD
Pre- 1790 Predominantly from the British Isles
(England, Scotland, Ulster), with some from Germany
Hundreds of thousands of slaves imported from Africa ANTEBELLUM PERIOD
Irish Potato Famine
(1845-1849)
Over 700,000 Irish (Catholic) Immigrants spark nativist sentiment
1849 Gold Rush (^) The demand for labor led to Chinese
immigration
Thousands of U.S. citizens move west
“NEW IMMIGRATION”
1880 - 1924 “New” immigrants from eastern and
southern Europe (as opposed to “old” immigrants from western Europe) were predominantly Catholic and Jewish. This irked a number of native Protestants.
1882 The Chinese Exclusion Act forbade
further immigration from China and forbade Chinese from being naturalized.
TWENTIETH CENTURY
1924 The Immigration Act of 1924
restricted immigration from each foreign country to 2% of the number of persons living in the United States in 1890 (preference for Western Europeans/Protestants)
1915 - 1930 The “Great Migration” of
African-Americans from the South to other parts of the U.S.
APUSH REVIEW SHEET #4:
Significant Rebellions in U.S. History
Disgruntled White Rebellions Slave Rebellions
COLONIAL
Bacon’s Rebellion (VA)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacon%27s_Rebellion
Stono Rebellion (SC)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stono_rebellion
The American Revolution (Started in MA)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_revolution
EARLY NATIONAL PERIOD
Shay’s Rebellion (MA)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shay%27s_Rebellion
Haitian Revolution (Haiti)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_Revolution
Whiskey Rebellion (PA)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiskey_rebellion
Hartford Convention (CT)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartford_convention
ANTEBELLUM PERIOD
Nullification Crisis (SC)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nullification_crisis
Nat Turner’s Rebellion (VA)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_Turner%27s_slave_rebellion
John Brown’s Raid (VA)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brown%27s_Raid
Secession (Started in SC)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America
ADDENDUM: RIGHTS MOVEMENTS
Abolitionism
Labor Movement Populist Movement
Antebellum Period
Late 19th Century
20th Century
Women’s Suffrage Movement, Civil Rights Movement, Vietnam War Protests, Women’s Rights Movement
Exploration, Discovery, and Settlement, 1492-
AMSCO Chapter Summary #
Student Contributor: Christy W.
- Native Americans small groups max of 300. -mainly nomadic others more of less.
- Central/South America Natives
- Aztecs [Mexico] & Incas [South America]
- grand and developed complex civilizations.
-Europe -Renaissance launch rebirth of learning and wanting to explore beyond Europe. Spain -1492 Spain united by Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand drive out the Moors and they send
Columbus out for Spain.
- 1493 Pope creates a line between Spain and Portugal's territories. The Spanish had from the line west and Portugal had from the line east.
- 1494 Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas.
France
- Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River
- 1st settlement in Quebec by Samuel de Chaplain "Father of New France."
England
- 1497 John Cabot sent out by Henry VIII founded Newfoundland. Jamestown -1607 first English colony
- Survived by the work of John Rolfe and John Smith through tobacco crops.
Henry VIII
- Brought church and state together under the rule of the king.
- Puritans wanted to purify the church but were so forced to leave.
- Separatist separated and went to the New World.
- 1620 Mayflower Compact; 1621 the "First Thanksgiving."
Great Migration
- Civil war in Massachusetts drove people from Boston to Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Spanish settlements
- Florida: 1565 St. Augustine and oldest city in North America.
- New Mexico: Sante Fe capital of New Mexico in 1609. -Texas: grew in early 1700's -California: 1769 San Diego is established; 1776 San Francisco is established
Mercantilism:
Trade, colonies, and gain of wealth for bases for countries military and political strength.
Acts of Trade and Navigation (a.k.a. “ Navigation Acts ”)
- Trading from colonies to/from by English or colonial ships and crew.
- All goods to colonies except some perishables could only pass through ports in England.
- Specified or “enumerated” goods (tobacco) could be exported only to England.
The Triangular Trade
Colonial Society in the Eighteenth Century AMSCO Chapter Summary #
Student Contributor: Christy W.
European immigrants to the Colonies
- English
- Germans
- Scotch-Irish
- Others: Dutch, Swedes and the Huguenots
General Characteristics of the Colonies
- Dominance of English culture.
- Self Government
- Religious toleration
- No hereditary aristocracy
- Social mobility
Economy
- North: small farms, industries later are logging, shipbuilding, trade, fishing and rum distilling. -Middle: good farm land small manufacturing including iron-making.
- South: the northern south cash crops of tobacco and the lower south rice and indigo.
Great Awakening 1730's -1740's peak
- Jonathan Edwards 1741 "Sinners in the hands of an Angry God"
-George Whitefield- faith and sincerity could understand teachings with out preachers.
- an impact left is being more emotional in church services.
- a division with the "New lights" and "Old lights"
Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest, 1754- AMSCO Chapter Summary #
Student Contributor: James J.
Wars
First Three Wars: King William’s (1689-1697) Queen Anne’s (1702-1713) King
George’s (1744-1748) All between England and France with little colonial
involvement
French and Indian War (7 Years War) Another England victory, French power on
continent ended
Taxes
Reorganization in England because war was costly, King George III started large
taxes
Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763) Tax rebellion England took care of
Sugar Act (1764) Sugar and other luxuries taxed
Quartering Act (1764) Housing British soldiers
Stamp Act (1765) all legal documents and stamps taxed
Rebellion to stamp act eventually had it withdrawn
Declaratory Act (1766) England can make whatever taxes for colonies
More Taxes
Townshend Acts (1767) tea, glass and paper taxed, officials can search any
ships for smuggling with a writ of assistance
Met with anger, boycotts and more smuggling
Townshend Acts repealed (1770)
Boston Massacre (March 1770) guards at customs building fire into crowd
Gaspee (1772) rebels burn British smuggling-catching ship the Gaspee
Boston Tea Party (1773) Tea thrown into the Boston Harbor in protest
Intolerable Acts
Coercive Acts (1774) punitive measures for the Boston Tea Party
Port Act - Boston port closed until tea was paid for
Massachusetts Government Act - Reduced power of Mass. Legislature
while increasing power of royal governor
Administration of Justice Act – royal officials are tried for crimes in
England
Expanding of the Quartering Act to include all colonies
Quebec Act (1774) reorganized lands gained from French, angered colonists
because boundary was put along Ohio River on lands they claimed. Roman
Catholicism established as official religion there, this threatened colonists.
Enlightenment
18 th^ Century European movement of literature and philosophy
John Locke – 17 th^ century writer of Two Treatises of Government , “natural laws”
established here became important in the constitution
Thomas Paine -published Common Sense arguing for Independence from Great Britain. He later published The Crisis in late 1776, when the Patriot cause appeared to be all but lost.
The Declaration of Independence- Congress began to favor independence On June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee introduced a resolution saying the Colonies were independent 5 Delegates formed a committee to write a statement in support of this resolution Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration which was adopted on July 4, 1776
Sentiments of the American Colonists: 40% Patriots 20-30% Loyalists/Tories This leaves about 30-40% who did not have strong feelings either way.
Patriots: o Mainly from New England o Never had more than 20,000 troops at once because many would return home to work o Short of supplies, poorly equipped, and underpaid o African Americans-Britain promised to free slaves that fought on their side so U.S. had to do the same. 5000 fought as patriots o Most African Americans were in mixed racial forces Loyalists: o Tories-60,000 Americans fought and died on British side o Many emigrated to Canada after the war o Majority were wealthy and conservative o Native Americans fought on the British side because of American attacks
Turning Point: War started out badly for George Washington Victory in Saratoga-persuaded France to join the war against Britain French thought they could weaken the British Spain and Holland also joined against Britain Yorktown-American and French forces forced the surrender of the British Army under General Cornwallis
Treaty of Paris: Signed in 1783 1)Britain would recognize the U.S as an independent nation 2) Mississippi River would be recognized as the Western border 3) Americans would have fishing rights off the coast of Canada
Thomas Paine
4) Americans would pay debts owed to merchants
Organization of New Governments: State Governments:
The Constitutions of State Governments had the following in common: o List of Rights-State officials could not encroach on these rights o Separation of Powers: 1)Legislative Powers-2 Houses 2) Executive Power-Elected Governor 3) Judicial Power-Court Systems o Voting-all white males who owned property could vote o Office Holding-Those seeking elected office had to have more property Articles of Confederation o Adopted by Congress in 1777 o Ratified in 1781 o Consisted of one body, Congress, with one vote per state o Congress had the power to wage war, make treaties, send diplomatic representatives, and borrow money o It could not regulate commerce or collect taxes Accomplishments of Congress o Won the war o Land Ordinance of 1785-set aside land for public education o Northwest Ordinance of 1787-made laws for creating new states Problems o Financial-Congress distributed worthless paper money and had to taxing power to raise federal funds o Foreign-Europeans had little respect for the new government o Domestic-Shay’s Rebellion (against high state taxes, imprisonment for debt, and lack of paper money)
Social Change:
No more titles of Nobility Courts no longer recognized the feudal practice of Primogeniture Separation of Church and State-no financial support would be given to any religion Some women fought in battle and maintained colonial economy but still maintained second class status Beginnings of the issue over slavery