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sensation
process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and present stimulus energy from our environment TERM 2
perception
DEFINITION 2 Perception is the process of attaining awareness or understanding of the environment by organizing and interpreting sensory information. TERM 3
bottom-up processing
DEFINITION 3 analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory information TERM 4
top-down processing
DEFINITION 4 information processing guided by higher level mental processes as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations TERM 5
absolute threshold
DEFINITION 5 minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time
difference threshold
the smallest detectable difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time-just noticeable difference TERM 7
signal detection theory
DEFINITION 7 predicts how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise)- assumes that there is no single absolute threshold-detection depends partly on person'sexperience, expectations, motivation, and level of fatigueAKA AIRPORT SECURITY DETECTOR TERM 8
subliminal perception and persuasion
DEFINITION 8 below ones absolute threshold for conscious awareness TERM 9
Weber's law
DEFINITION 9 two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount) to be perceived as different- one pound plus one pound is more noticeable than one pound plus one thousand pounds TERM 10
sensory adaptation
DEFINITION 10 diminished sensitivity that happens when we become "used to" a constant stimulus
fovea
The fovea centralis, also generally known as the fovea, is a part of the eye, located in the center of the macula region of the retina. TERM 17
accommodation
DEFINITION 17 what the lens of the eyeball does/changes TERM 18
rods
DEFINITION 18 120 million in the eyeperipheral reinadetect BLACK AND WHITE GRAYtwilight or low light TERM 19
cones
DEFINITION 19 ned more light, higher absolute threshold6 million in the eyenear the center of the retina (fovea)fine detail and color visiondaylight or well-light conditions TERM 20
optic nerve
DEFINITION 20 nerves that carries neural impulses from eye to brain
blind spot
A blind spot, also known as a scotoma, is an obscuration of the visual field. TERM 22
feature detectors
DEFINITION 22 nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features- shape-angle-movementILLUSIONS TERM 23
parallel processing
DEFINITION 23 Parallel processing is the ability to carry out multiple operations or tasks simultaneously. -VISION CAN MULI TASK WITHOUT REALLY REALIZING TERM 24
Young-Helmholz Trichromatic theory
DEFINITION 24 Proposed that the eye detects 3 primary colors of light: RED BLUE AND GREEN all others can be derived by combining these three TERM 25
opponent-process theory
DEFINITION 25 theory of color vision that suggests colors compete assumes that the visual system treats pairs of colors as opposing or antagonistic. Opponent- process cells are inhibited by a color, and have a burst of activity when it is removed-FLAGS
place theory
the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated TERM 32
frequency theory
DEFINITION 32 the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense is pitch TERM 33
conduction hearing loss
DEFINITION 33 damage to the ossicles (hammer anvil stirrup) or eardrum TERM 34
sensorineural hearing loss
DEFINITION 34 hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptors cells (basilar membrane) or to the auditory nerve TERM 35
gate control theory
DEFINITION 35 theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain-"gate" opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers-"gate" closed by activity in larger fibers or by info entering the brain
neuromatrix theory of pain
theory that the matrix of neurons in the brain is capable of generating pain (and other sensations) in the absence of signals from sensory nerves phantom limb sensation TERM 37
sensory
interaction
DEFINITION 37 principal that one sense may influence anotherSMELL OF FOOD INFLUENCING TASTEWHEN YOU HAVE A COLD YOU CANT TASTE TERM 38
gustation
DEFINITION 38 Taste TERM 39
olfaction
DEFINITION 39 smell TERM 40
olfactory bulb
DEFINITION 40 processes smell
