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AP PSYCH Unit 8B.
Happiness & Stress
1. What are the causes and
consequences of
happiness?
2. Is happiness healthy?
3. Are there levels of
happiness that we can
measure?
4. Why are countries like
Denmark so happy and
Korea is so sad?
5. Are disabled people
happy?
Happiness
- Happiness has a long list of benefits
- Feel-good, do-good phenomenon - People are more likely to be helpful when in a good mood. AND being helpful makes us happy. It’s a sort of Mobius strip of happiness.
- Who was happierà Why?
• Well-being - self- Wealth & Well-being
perceived happiness or satisfaction with life – used to evaluate people’s quality of life
- Money can buy some happiness - Richer countries somewhat happier than poor
Wealth & Well-being
- Once one has enough money to provide for their basic needs gaining more and more money will matter less and less. - Diminishing marginal utility - 2 nd piece of desert less satisfying. The first piece is amazing, but it gets less and less amazing if you just keep eating and eating and eating. Ever had that feeling?
Happiness and Others’
Attainments
Relative Deprivation 1.Think about something you have that makes you happy, that makes your life good…. 2.How do you feel? 3.Now think about someone you know that has even more of that. 4.Now how do you feel? That was upward comparison 1.Think about something else in life that you are glad you don’t have to deal with, a problem that you do not have.... 2.Now think about those people that are dealing with that problem, people that have less of something that makes you happy. 3.Now how do you feel? That was downward comparison
Happiness and Others’
Attainments
- Relative deprivation - the perception that we are worse off relative to those whom we compare ourselves. - When expectations rise above attainments happiness drops. - Sports superstar’s salary compared to his teammates - Have you ever experienced Facebook envy? - Also works oppositely, when we think about those worse-off we might feel better…
Predictors of Happiness
- Why are some people more happy and more gloomy?
- Answers vary by culture
- Genes matter
- “Happiness set point” is not fixed over your entire life
- Happiness: biological, physiological, conscious / thought-
induced, and emotional.
Stress and Health
1. What is stress?
2. What causes stress?
3. What makes some of us more prone to
stress?
4. Can stress effect your health?
5. Can we reduce stress?
Stress & Illness
- Ben’s story!
- Outside of AP PSYCH we use the
word stress to describe threats or
challenges – “Ben was under a lot of
stress” & to describe our responses
- “Ben experienced stress”
- For AP PSYCH:
- Truck ride was stressor (stimulus)
- Ben’s reaction is a stress reaction
- The process by which he related
to the event was stress
Stress & Illness
- Stress – perceive and respond
to certain events or stimuli,
(called stressors), that we
appraise as threatening or
challenging
- Stress can aid us, or hinder us
- Do you work well “under
pressure”?
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Selye’s universal concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress – 3 phases Phase 1 – Alarm reaction: sudden activation of the sympathetic nervous system fight or flight. You get ready for phase 2 Phase 2 – Resistance: you face the challenge. Body temp, blood pressure, and respiration stay high. Can wear oneself out if maintained for too long. Phase 3 – Exhaustion: you are more vulnerable to illness, collapse, or even death Overload, burnout, giving up, fatigue
Effects of Stress
People can cope with temporary
stress, but prolonged stress can
lead to physical deterioration.
Severe stress ages people.
Presidents have always been
evident of this
Stressful Life Events
2 - Life Changes – Personal life transitions Moving, new job, marriage, children born, divorce, death of loved one, etc. Young adulthood – big time! Result can be more vulnerable to disease A study of 96,000 widows = the risk of death 2X in the week following partner’s death.
- Ever heard of old couples dying close in time to each other?
Stressful Life Events
3 - Daily Hassles – Everyday
annoyances may be the most
significant sources of stress.
Over time, little stressors add up to
have a major impact on health and
well being
High blood pressure rates are the
highest in areas where people
express the least satisfaction with
their lives due to stress
Is this a problem in Korea?!
