Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

AP Chemistry Cheat Sheet 2020 Chem Reference Sheet, Cheat Sheet of Chemistry

Formulas for basic equations, Electrochemistry and constants in chemistry

Typology: Cheat Sheet

2020/2021

Uploaded on 04/23/2021

ekaashaah
ekaashaah 🇺🇸

4.4

(40)

274 documents

1 / 1

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
AP CHEMISTRY REFERENCE SHEET
EQUATIONS
Basic
Density:
d=m
V
Kinetic energy:
KE =1
2
mv 2
Einstein’s Eq’n:
E=mc 2
Atomic Structure
Frequency of light:
ν
=c
λ
Energy of photon:
E=h
ν
or
E=hc
λ
De Broglie eq’n:
λ
=h
mv
Uncertainty Principle:
Energy of Hydrogen e levels:
En=2.18 ×1018 J1
n2
⎛
⎝
⎜ ⎞
⎠
⎟
Bonding
Coulomb’s Law:
E=2.31 ×1019 Jnm Q
1Q2
r
⎛
⎝
⎜ ⎞
⎠
⎟
Dipole moment:
µ
=qr
Gases, Liquids, & Solutions
Ideal Gas Law:
PV =nRT
Van der Waal’s Eq’n:
P+an
V
⎛
⎝
⎜ ⎞
⎠
⎟
2
⎡
⎣
⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ×Vnb
[ ]
=nRT
Combined Gas Law:
P
1
V
1
T
1
=P
2V2
T2
Dalton’s Law:
P
tot =P
1+P
2+P
3+...
Average Kinetic Energy:
KE avg =3
2RT
Root Mean Square Velocity:
urms =3RT
M
Effusion:
rate A
rate B =MB
MA
Clausius-Clapeyron Equation:
ln P
vap =−ΔHvap
RT +ln
β
ln P
2
P
1
=−ΔHvap
R
1
T2
1
T
1
⎛
⎝
⎜
⎞
⎠
⎟
Solution dilution:
M1
V
1=M2V2
Henry’s Law:
Sgas =kHP
gas
Raoult’s Law:
P
sol'n =
χ
solvP
solv
FPD:
ΔTf=m×iKf
BPE:
ΔTb=m×iKb
Osmotic pressure:
Π=MRT
Thermodynamics
Internal energy:
ΔE=q+w
Heat Capacity:
q=mCsΔT
Pressure-Volume Work:
w=PΔV
Change in Enthalpy:
ΔH=ΔE+PΔV
Entropy:
S=k ln W
Change in Entropy of Surroundings:
ΔSsurr =−ΔHsys
T
Change in Gibb’s Free Energy:
ΔG=ΔHTΔS
Free Energy (nonstandard):
ΔGrxn =ΔGrxn
+RT ln Q
Gibb’s Free Energy and K:
ΔGrxn
=RT ln K
Kinetics
The Rate Law:
Rate =kA
[ ]
mB
[ ]
n
Arrhenius Equation (linear):
ln k=Ea
R
1
T
⎛
⎝
⎜ ⎞
⎠
⎟ +ln A
Integrated Rate Laws (0,1,2):
A
[ ]
t=kt +A
[ ]
0
ln A
[ ]
t=kt +ln A
[ ]
0
1
A
[ ]
t
=kt +1
A
[ ]
0
Equilibrium
Equilibrium Constant:
Keq =C
[ ]
c×D
[ ]
d
A
[ ]
a×B
[ ]
b
Acid Base Equilibrium:
pH = log H 3O+
[ ]
pOH = log OH
[ ]
Kw=H+
[ ]
OH
[ ]
=1.0 ×1014
Ka=
H+
[ ]
A
[ ]
HA
[ ]
Kb=
HB+
[ ]
OH
[ ]
B
[ ]
!
Henderson)Hasselbalch!Eq’n:! !
pH = pKa+log base
acid
⎡
⎣
⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥
Electrochemistry!
Nernst Eq’n:
Ecell =Ecell
0.0592 V
nlogQ
ΔG=nFEcell
CONSTANTS
1 amu = 1.6605 × 1027 kg
Avogadro’s # (NA) = 6.02214 × 1023 mol1
Bohr radius (a0) = 5.2918 × 1011 m
Bolzmann’s const. (k) = 1.3807 × 10-23 J/K
Faraday’s const. (F) = 9.6485 × 104 C/mol
Planck’s const. (h) = 6.6261 × 1034 Js
Gas const. (R) = 0.0821 (Latm)/(molK)
= 8.3145 J/(molK)
Electron charge (e) = 1.6022 × 1019 C
Mass of electron (me) = 9.1093826 × 1031 kg
Mass of proton (mp) = 1.67262171 × 1027 kg
Mass of neutron (mn) = 1.6749273 × 1027 kg
Speed of light (c) = 2.9979 × 108 m/s

Partial preview of the text

Download AP Chemistry Cheat Sheet 2020 Chem Reference Sheet and more Cheat Sheet Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

AP CHEMISTRY REFERENCE SHEET

EQUATIONS Basic Density: € d = m V Kinetic energy: €

KE =

mv 2 Einstein’s Eq’n: € E = mc^2 Atomic Structure Frequency of light: € ν = c λ Energy of photon: E = h ν or €

E =

hc λ De Broglie eq’n: € λ = h mv Uncertainty Principle: € Δ xm Δ vh 4 π Energy of Hydrogen e levels: En = −2.18 × 10 −^18 J

n^2

Bonding Coulomb’s Law: E = 2.31 × 10 −^19 J • nm

Q 1 Q 2

r

Dipole moment: €

μ = qr

Gases, Liquids, & Solutions Ideal Gas Law: € PV = nRT Van der Waal’s Eq’n: P + a n V

⎡^2

⎥ × [ V − nb ] = nRT

Combined Gas Law: €

P 1 V 1

T 1

P 2 V 2

T 2

Dalton’s Law: € Ptot = P 1 + P 2 + P 3 + ... Average Kinetic Energy: € KE avg =

RT

Root Mean Square Velocity: € urms =

3 RT

M

Effusion: € rate A rate B

M B

M A

Clausius-Clapeyron Equation: € ln P vap = −Δ H vap RT

  • ln β € ln

P 2

P 1

−Δ H vap R

T 2

T 1

Solution dilution: €

M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2

Henry’s Law: € S gas = k H P gas Raoult’s Law: € P sol'n = χsolv Psolv^  FPD: € Δ T f = m × iK f BPE: € Δ T b = m × iK b Osmotic pressure: €

Π = M RT

Thermodynamics Internal energy: € Δ E = q + w Heat Capacity: € q = mCs Δ T Pressure-Volume Work: € w = − P Δ V Change in Enthalpy: €

Δ H = Δ E + P Δ V

Entropy: € S = k ln W Change in Entropy of Surroundings: € Δ Ssurr = −Δ Hsys T Change in Gibb’s Free Energy: €

Δ G = Δ H − T Δ S

Free Energy (nonstandard): € Δ G rxn = Δ G rxn 

  • RT ln Q Gibb’s Free Energy and K: € Δ G rxn  = − RT ln K Kinetics The Rate Law: €

Rate = k [ A]

m

[ B ]

n Arrhenius Equation (linear): ln k = − Ea R

T

⎟ + ln A Integrated Rate Laws (0,1,2): €

[ A ] t = − kt + [ A] 0

ln [A ] t = − kt + ln [A ] 0

[ A] t

= kt +

[ A ] 0

Equilibrium Equilibrium Constant: € K eq =

[ C ]

c

× [ D ]

d

[ A ]

a

× [ B ]

b Acid Base Equilibrium: €

pH = −log [H 3 O+]

pOH = −log [OH −]

K w = [H +] [OH −] = 1.0 × 10 −^14

Ka =

[H +] [ A−]

[ HA ]

Kb =

HB

[ ] OH

[ ]

[ B ]

Henderson-­‐Hasselbalch Eq’n: € pH = pKa + log base acid

Electrochemistry Nernst Eq’n: € E cell = E cell^ ^ −

0.0592 V

n log Q € Δ G ^ = − nFE cell^  CONSTANTS 1 amu = 1.6605 × 10 27 kg Avogadro’s # ( NA ) = 6.022 14 × 1023 mol 1 Bohr radius ( a 0 ) = 5.2918 × 10 11 m Bolzmann’s const. ( k ) = 1.3807 × 10 -^23 J/K Faraday’s const. ( F ) = 9.6485 × 104 C/mol Planck’s const. ( h ) = 6.6261 × 10 34 Js Gas const. ( R ) = 0.0821 (Latm)/(molK) = 8.3145 J/(molK) Electron charge ( e ) = 1.6022 × 10 19 C Mass of electron ( me ) = 9.1093826 × 10 –^31 kg Mass of proton ( mp ) = 1.67262171 × 10 –^27 kg Mass of neutron ( mn ) = 1.6749273 × 10 –^27 kg Speed of light ( c ) = 2.9979 × 108 m/s