Download AP BIO | 2020 Practice Exam 1 MCQ with Correct Verified Answers. and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
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Humans produce sweat as a cooling mechanism to maintain a stable internal temperature. Which of the following best explains how the properties of water contribute to this physiological process? - Correct Answers The high heat of vaporization of water allows the body to remove excess heat through a phase change of water from liquid to gas A student placed a semipermeable membrane inside a U-shaped channel with two chambers, as shown. The membrane permits the movement of water but not salt. The student wants to vary the rate of osmosis that occurs across the membrane. Which of the following experimental designs will result in the fastest net
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rate of water movement into chamber A? - Correct Answers Placing salt water in chamber A and distilled water in chamber B Which of the following best describes the role of water in photosynthesis? - Correct Answers Water molecules donate electrons to the electron transport chain What evolutionary advantage does compartmentalization of core metabolic processes offer eukaryotes? - Correct Answers Evolution of a nucleus in eukaryotes separates the processes of transcription and translation and they can be regulated separately
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency is a genetic disease most commonly linked to a mutation in the a -subunit of the mitochondrial enzyme that causes the enzyme to cease functioning. As a result of the mutation, affected individuals build up dangerous amounts of lactic acid. Which of the following best explains the buildup of lactic acid in individuals with the mutation? - Correct Answers Cells undergo fermentation because pyruvate cannot be metabolized to proceed into the Krebs cycle The diagram shows how water can adhere to the xylem in the stems of plants, which contributes to water movement in the plant. Which of the following best explains how water is able to
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move upward from the roots of a plant, through its xylem in the stem, and out to the leaves? - Correct Answers Water and the xylem are both polar. Water molecules have the ability to form hydrogen bonds with each other and with the walls of the xylem Protein X activates gene expression only in cells exposed to a specific signaling molecule. In a study, researchers determined the intracellular location of Protein X in cultured cells both before and after exposing the cells to the signaling molecule. The results of the study are shown in the diagram - Correct Answers Protein X is a transcription factor The hormone prolactin has varying effects in
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reverses the environmental change Which of the following best describes the effect of temperature on corals' ability to produce DMSP as shown in Figure 1? - Correct Answers Both juvenile and adult corals produce less DMSP at 27°C than at 32°C Which of the following best describes the difference between the total amount of DMSP produced by adults compared to juveniles at the start of the 32°C trial? - Correct Answers Adult corals produced 5 times more DMSP than juveniles produced. In addition to the effect of temperature on DMSP produced by corals and their symbionts, which of the following relationships is also
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being considered in this experiment? - Correct Answers Effect of additional DMSP produced by symbionts and the corals' age Which of the following best describes the scientists' findings concerning the density of symbionts presented in Figure 2? - Correct Answers The symbiont density at 32°C was different from the density at 27°C on days 5 and 10 of the experiment Which of the following best explains the result of adult corals being exposed to elevated temperatures for extended periods? - Correct Answers They are able to obtain less energy from their symbionts because the algae have been expelled
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observed pattern of inheritance? - Correct Answers The condition is passed from mothers to offspring via a mitochondrial gene Oncogenes are genes that can cause tumor formation as a result of a particular mutation. Which of the following potential therapies would be most effective at preventing the expression of an oncogene? - Correct Answers Introducing a chemical that binds to transcription factors associated with the oncogene's promoter Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can damage DNA by breaking weak bonds. Which of the following best explains how this occurs? - Correct Answers UV radiation disrupts the double helix
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structure by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs Based on the data in the table, which of the following lizard species are most closely related? - Correct Answers Species E and species D Figure 1 shows a model of the endocrine signaling pathway that regulates ovulation. Which of the following observations would provide evidence of a positive feedback mechanism in this system? - Correct Answers Estrogen from the ovaries stimulates the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to secrete more GnRH, LH, and FSH In which of the following tubes did the greatest reduction of DCPIP occur after 60 minutes? - Correct Answers Tube 2
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A scientist designed an experiment to test an artificial membrane that mimics the phospholipid bilayer of a cell. The scientist built a tube that was divided by an artificial membrane and filled with distilled water. The scientist put a known amount of a protein into the water on one side of the membrane. After some time, the scientist measured the concentration of the protein on either side of the membrane but found that there had been no change. Which of the following experimental changes would allow the scientist to observe transport of a solute across the artificial membrane? - Correct Answers Use a small, nonpolar solute instead of a protein
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Which of the following best illustrates the flow of information required for the synthesis of proteins encoded in the genome of a retrovirus? - Correct Answers RNA-->DNA-->RNA-->Protein Which of the following best describes the process by which gas from the atmosphere is obtained by plants and used to build lipids? - Correct Answers Gas is directly obtained by plants as part of the carbon cycle Which of the following best explains how the phospholipid bilayer of a transport vesicle contributes to cellular functions? - Correct Answers The phospholipid bilayer allows the vesicle to fuse with the Golgi apparatus and the
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Which of the following best explains why triploid bananas do not produce seeds? - Correct Answers The production of gametes is disrupted because of unequal pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis Which of the following best explains why the polymerase from the species T. aquaticus is often used for PCR? - Correct Answers T. aquaticus polymerase does not denature at high temperatures A researcher is studying two different species. Which of the following sets of observations would best support the claim that the two species have structural similarities as a result of
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convergent evolution? - Correct Answers Genetic similarity: low, Function of structure: same, Form of structure: different Based on the cladogram, which of the following are the traits shared between ferns and pines? - Correct Answers Embryo and xylem only The researchers performed a chi-square analysis to test their hypothesis. Assuming the researchers use a significance level of 0.05, which of the following is closest to the critical value the researchers should use in the chi-square analysis? - Correct Answers 3. Which of the following best describes what happened to the otter population between 1750 and 1850? - Correct Answers The population lost genetic diversity as a result of a bottleneck effect
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Climate change could affect the ecosystem of the Elkhorn Slough in many ways. From the information provided, which of the following predictions about the direct, local effects of climate change is most likely? - Correct Answers Ocean warming will favor population growth of nonnative species as their habitats shift northward Based on the information, an increase in the sea slug population would most likely be directly related to which of the following? - Correct Answers A decrease in the crab population Many fish species, such as fathead minnows, release a pheromone when their skin cells are
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damaged. Researchers placed pike, a predator of fathead minnows, in a choice chamber and released the minnow pheromone at one end of the chamber. The researchers observed that the pike oriented themselves toward the end of the chamber where the pheromone was released. Which of the following questions will best guide a follow-up investigation about the role of pheromones in locating prey? - Correct Answers How do pike determine that the fathead minnow pheromone is present in the water? Which of the following best explains why a cell's plasma membrane is composed of two layers of phospholipids rather than just a single
