Conversion Factors for Various Units and Substances, Schemes and Mind Maps of Mathematics

Download Conversion Factors for Various Units and Substances and more Schemes and Mind Maps Mathematics in PDF only on Docsity!

APPENDIX A

MISCELLANEOUS DATA AND CONVERSION FACTORS

9/85 (Reformatted 1/95) Appendix A A-

SOME USEFUL WEIGHTS AND MEASURES (cont.)

Unit Of Measure Equivalent meter^3 1.31 yeads^3 yard 3 0.77 meters 3

cord 128 feet 3 cord 4 meters 3 peck 8 quarts bushel (dry) 4 pecks bushel 2150.4 inches^3 gallon (U. S.) 231 inches^3 barrel 31.5 gallons hogshead 2 barrels township 36 miles^2 hectare 2.5 acres

MISCELLANEOUS DATA

One cubic foot of anthracite coal weighs about 53 pounds.

One cubic foot of bituminous coal weighs from 47 to 50 pounds.

One ton of coal is equivalent to two cords of wood for steam purposes.

A gallon of water (U. S. Standard) weighs 8.33 pounds and contains 231 cubic inches.

There are 9 square feet of heating surface to each square foot of grate surface.

A cubic foot of water contains 7.5 gallons and 1728 cubic inches, and weighs 62.5 lbs.

Each nominal horsepower of a boiler requires 30 to 35 pounds of water per hour.

A horsepower is equivalent to raising 33,000 pounds one foot per minute, or 550 pounds one foot per second.

To find the pressure in pounds per square inch of a column of water, multiply the height of the column in feet by 0.434.

A-4 EMISSION FACTORS (Reformatted 1/95) 9/

TYPICAL PARAMETERS OF VARIOUS FUELS a

Type Of Fuel

Heating Value (^) Sulfur % (by weight)

Ash kcal Btu % (by weight) Solid Fuels Bituminous Coal 7,200/kg 13,000/lb 0.6-5.4 4- Anthracite Coal 6,810/kg 12,300/lb 0.5-1.0 7.0-16. Lignite (@ 35% moisture) 3,990/kg 7,200/lb 0.7 6. Wood (@ 40% moisture) 2,880/kg 5,200/lb N 1- Bagasse (@ 50% moisture) 2,220/kg 4,000/lb N 1- Bark (@ 50% moisture) 2,492/kg 4,500/lb N 1-3 b Coke, Byproduct 7,380/kg 13,300/lb 0.5-1.0 0.5-5. Liquid Fuels Residual Oil 9.98 x 10 6 /m 3 150,000/gal 0.5-4.0 0.05-0. Distillate Oil 9.30 x 10 6 /m 3 140,000/gal 0.2-1.0 N Diesel 9.12 x 10 6 /m 3 137,000/gal 0.4 N Gasoline 8.62 x 10 6 /m 3 130,000/gal 0.03-0.04 N Kerosene 8.32 x 10 6 /m 3 135,000/gal 0.02-0.05 N Liquid Petroleum Gas 6.25 x 10 6 /m 3 94,000/gal N N Gaseous Fuels Natural Gas 9,341/m^3 1,050/SCF N N Coke Oven Gas 5,249/m^3 590/SCF 0.5-2.0 N Blast Furnace Gas 890/m 3 100/SCF N N a (^) N = negligible. b (^) Ash content may be considerably higher when sand, dirt, etc., are present.

9/85 (Reformatted 1/95) Appendix A A-

DENSITIES OF SELECTED SUBSTANCES

Substance Density Fuels Crude Oil 874 kg/m 3 7.3 lb/gal Residual Oil 944 kg/m 3 7.88 lb/gal Distillate Oil 845 kg/m 3 7.05 lb/gal Gasoline 739 kg/m 3 6.17 lb/gal Natural Gas 673 kg/m 3 1 lb/23.8 ft^3 Butane 579 kg/m 3 4.84 lb/gal (liquid) Propane 507 kg/m 3 4.24 lb/gal (liquid) Wood (Air dried) Elm 561 kg/m 3 35 lb/ft^3 Fir, Douglas 513 kg/m 3 32 lb/ft^3 Fir, Balsam 400 kg/m 3 25 lb/ft^3 Hemlock 465 kg/m 3 29 lb/ft^3 Hickory 769 kg/m 3 48 lb/ft^3 Maple, Sugar 689 kg/m 3 43 lb/ft^3 Maple, White 529 kg/m 3 33 lb/ft^3 Oak, Red 673 kg/m 3 42 lb/ft^3 Oak, White 769 kg/m 3 48 lb/ft^3 Pine, Southern 641 kg/m 3 40 lb/ft^3 Agricultural Products Corn 25.4 kg/bu 56 lb/bu Milo 25.4 kg/bu 56 lb/bu Oats 14.5 kg/bu 32 lb/bu Barley 21.8 kg/bu 48 lb/bu Wheat 27.2 kg/bu 60 lb/bu Cotton 226 kg/bale 500 lb/bale Mineral Products Brick 2.95 kg/brick 6.5 lb/brick Cement 170 kg/bbl 375 lb/bbl Cement 1483 kg/m 3 2500 lb/yd 3

9/85 (Reformatted 1/95) Appendix A A-

DENSITIES OF SELECTED SUBSTANCES (cont.).

CONVERSION FACTORS a

To Convert From To Multiply By

CONVERSION FACTORS (cont.).

CONVERSION FACTORS (cont.).

CONVERSION FACTORS (cont.).

CONVERSION FACTORS (cont.).

CONVERSION FACTORS (cont.).

CONVERSION FACTORS (cont.).

CONVERSION FACTORS (cont.).

• A-2 EMISSION FACTORS (Reformatted 1/95) 9/
• Concrete 2373 kg/m 3 4000 lb/yd Substance Density
• Glass, Common 2595 kg/m 3 162 lb/ft
• Gravel, Dry Packed 1600 - 1920 kg/m^3 100 - 120 lb/ft
• Gravel, Wet 2020 kg/m 3 126 lb/ft
• Gypsum, Calcined 880 - 960 kg/m^3 55 - 60 lb/ft
• Lime, Pebble 850 - 1025 kg/m 3 53 - 64 lb/ft
• Sand, Gravel (Dry, loose) 1440 - 1680 kg/m^3 90 - 105 lb/ft
• A-8 EMISSION FACTORS (Reformatted 1/95) 9/
• Acres Sq feet 4.356 x Area
• Acres Sq kilometers 4.0469 x 10-
• Acres Sq meters 4.0469 x
• Acres Sq miles (statute) 1.5625 x 10-
• Acres Sq yards 4.84 x
• Sq feet Acres 2.2957 x 10-
• Sq feet Sq cm 929.
• Sq feet Sq inches 144.
• Sq feet Sq meters 0.
• Sq feet Sq miles 3.587 x 10 -
• Sq feet Sq yards 0.
• Sq inches Sq feet 6.9444 x 10-
• Sq inches Sq meters 6.4516 x 10-
• Sq inches Sq mm 645.
• Sq kilometers Acres 247.
• Sq kilometers Sq feet 1.0764 x
• Sq kilometers Sq meters 1.0 x
• Sq kilometers Sq miles 0.
• Sq kilometers Sq yards 1.196 x
• Sq meters Sq cm 1.0 x
• Sq meters Sq feet 10.
• Sq meters Sq inches 1.55 x
• Sq meters Sq kilometers 1.0 x 10-
• Sq meters Sq miles 3.861 x 10 -
• Sq meters Sq mm 1.0 x
• Sq meters Sq yards 1.
• Sq miles Acres 640.
• Sq miles Sq feet 2.7878 x
• Sq miles Sq kilometers 2.
• A-10 EMISSION FACTORS (Reformatted 1/95) 9/
• Sq miles Sq meters 2.59 x To Convert From To Multiply By
• Sq miles Sq yards 3.0976 x
• Sq yards Acres 2.0661 x 10-
• Sq yards Sq cm 8.3613 x
• Sq yards Sq ft 9.
• Sq yards Sq inches 1.296 x
• Sq yards Sq meters 0.
• Sq yards Sq miles 3.2283 x 10-
• Dynes/cu cm Grams/cu cm 1.0197 x 10- Density
• Grains/cu foot Grams/cu meter 2.
• Grams/cu cm Dynes/cu cm 980.
• Grams/cu cm Grains/milliliter 15.
• Grams/cu cm Grams/milliliter 1.
• Grams/cu cm Pounds/cu inch 1.
• Grams/cu cm Pounds/cu foot 62.
• Grams/cu cm Pounds/cu inch 0.
• Grams/cu cm Pounds/gal (Brit.) 10.
• Grams/cu cm Pounds/gal (U. S., dry) 9.
• Grams/cu cm Pounds/gal (U. S., liq.) 8.
• Grams/cu meter Grains/cu foot 0.
• Grams/liter Pounds/gal (U. S.) 8.345 x 10 -
• Kilograms/cu meter Grams/cu cm 0.
• Kilograms/cu meter Pounds/cu ft 0.
• Kilograms/cu meter Pounds/cu in 3.613 x 10 -
• Pounds/cu foot Grams/cu cm 0.
• Pounds/cu foot kg/cu meter 16.
• Pounds/cu inch Grams/cu cm 27.
• Pounds/cu inch Grams/liter 27.
• Pounds/cu inch kg/cu meter 2.768 x
• 9/85 (Reformatted 1/95) Appendix A A-
• Pounds/gal (U. S., liq.) Grams/cu cm 0. To Convert From To Multiply By
• Pounds/gal (U. S., liq.) Pounds/cu ft 7.
• Btu Cal. gm (IST.) 251. Energy
• Btu Ergs 1.05435 x
• Btu Foot-pounds 777.
• Btu Hp-hours 3.9275 x 10-
• Btu Joules (Int.) 1054.
• Btu kg-meters 107.
• Btu kW-hours (Int.) 2.9283 x 10-
• Btu/hr Cal. kg/hr 0.
• Btu/hr Ergs/sec 2.929 x
• Btu/hr Foot-pounds/hr 777.
• Btu/hr Horsepower (mechanical) 3.9275 x 10-
• Btu/hr Horsepower (boiler) 2.9856 x 10-
• Btu/hr Horsepower (electric) 3.926 x 10 -
• Btu/hr Horsepower (metric) 3.982 x 10 -
• Btu/hr Kilowatts 2.929 x 10 -
• Btu/lb Foot-pounds/lb 777.
• Btu/lb Hp-hr/lb 3.9275 x 10-
• Btu/lb Joules/gram 2.
• Calories, kg (mean) Btu (IST.) 3.
• Calories, kg (mean) Ergs 4.190 x
• Calories, kg (mean) Foot-pounds 3.0904 x
• Calories, kg (mean) Hp-hours 1.561 x 10 -
• Calories, kg (mean) Joules 4.190 x
• Calories, kg (mean) kg-meters 427.
• Calories, kg (mean) kW-hours (Int.) 1.1637 x 10-
• Ergs Btu 9.4845 x 10-
• Ergs Foot-poundals 2.373 x 10 -
• A-12 EMISSION FACTORS (Reformatted 1/95) 9/
• Ergs Foot-pounds 7.3756 x 10- To Convert From To Multiply By
• Ergs Joules (Int.) 9.99835 x 10 -
• Ergs kW-hours 2.7778 x 10-
• Ergs kg-meters 1.0197 x 10-
• Foot-pounds Btu (IST.) 1.2851 x 10-
• Foot-pounds Cal. kg (IST.) 3.2384 x 10-
• Foot-pounds Ergs 1.3558 x
• Foot-pounds Foot-poundals 32.
• Foot-pounds Hp-hours 5.0505 x 10-
• Foot-pounds Joules 1.
• Foot-pounds kg-meters 0.
• Foot-pounds kW-hours (Int.) 3.76554 x 10 -
• Foot-pounds Newton-meters 1.
• Foot-pounds/hr Btu/min 2.1432 x 10-
• Foot-pounds/hr Ergs/min 2.2597 x
• Foot-pounds/hr Horsepower (mechanical) 5.0505 x 10-
• Foot-pounds/hr Horsepower (metric) 5.121 x 10 -
• Foot-pounds/hr Kilowatts 3.766 x 10 -
• Horsepower (mechanical) Btu (mean)/hr 2.5425 x
• Horsepower (mechanical) Ergs/sec 7.457 x
• Horsepower (mechanical) Foot-pounds/hr 1.980 x
• Horsepower (mechanical) Horsepower (boiler) 0.
• Horsepower (mechanical) Horsepower (electric) 0.
• Horsepower (mechanical) Horsepower (metric) 1.
• Horsepower (mechanical) Joules/sec 745.
• Horsepower (mechanical) Kilowatts (Int.) 0.
• Horsepower (boiler) Btu (mean)/hr 3.3446 x
• Horsepower (boiler) Ergs/sec 9.8095 x
• Horsepower (boiler) Foot-pounds/min 4.341 x
• Horsepower (boiler) Horsepower (mechanical) 13.
• 9/85 (Reformatted 1/95) Appendix A A-
• Horsepower (boiler) Horsepower (electric) 13. To Convert From To Multiply By
• Horsepower (boiler) Horsepower (metric) 13.
• Horsepower (boiler) Joules/sec 9.8095 x
• Horsepower (boiler) Kilowatts 9.
• Horsepower (electric) Btu (mean)/hr 2.5435 x
• Horsepower (electric) Cal. kg/hr 641.
• Horsepower (electric) Ergs/sec 7.46 x
• Horsepower (electric) Foot-pounds/min 3.3013 x
• Horsepower (electric) Horsepower (boiler) 0.
• Horsepower (electric) Horsepower (metric) 1.
• Horsepower (electric) Joules/sec 746.
• Horsepower (electric) Kilowatts 0.
• Horsepower (metric) Btu (mean)/hr 2.5077 x
• Horsepower (metric) Ergs/sec 7.355 x
• Horsepower (metric) Foot-pounds/min 3.255 x
• Horsepower (metric) Horsepower (mechanical) 0.
• Horsepower (metric) Horsepower (boiler) 0.
• Horsepower (metric) Horsepower (electric) 0.
• Horsepower (metric) kg-meters/sec 75.
• Horsepower (metric) Kilowatts 0.
• Horsepower-hours Btu (mean) 2.5425 x
• Horsepower-hours Foot-pounds 1.98 x
• Horsepower-hours Joules 2.6845 x
• Horsepower-hours kg-meters 2.73745 x
• Horsepower-hours kW-hours 0.
• Joules (Int.) Btu (IST.) 9.4799 x 10-
• Joules (Int.) Ergs 1.0002 x
• Joules (Int.) Foot-poundals 12.
• Joules (Int.) Foot-pounds 0.
• Joules (Int.) kW-hours 2.778 x 10 -
• A-14 EMISSION FACTORS (Reformatted 1/95) 9/
• Joules (Int.)/sec Btu (mean)/min 0. To Convert From To Multiply By
• Joules (Int.)/sec Cal. kg/min 0.
• Joules (Int.)/sec Horsepower 1.341 x 10 -
• Kilogram-meters Btu (mean) 9.2878 x 10-
• Kilogram-meters Cal. kg (mean) 2.3405 x 10-
• Kilogram-meters Ergs 9.80665 x
• Kilogram-meters Foot-poundals 232.
• Kilogram-meters Foot-pounds 7.
• Kilogram-meters Hp-hours 3.653 x 10 -
• Kilogram-meters Joules (Int.) 9.
• Kilogram-meters kW-hours 2.724 x 10 -
• Kilogram-meters/sec Watts 9.
• Kilowatts (Int.) Btu (IST.)/hr 3.413 x
• Kilowatts (Int.) Cal. kg (IST.)/hr 860.
• Kilowatts (Int.) Ergs/sec 1.0002 x
• Kilowatts (Int.) Foot-poundals/min 1.424 x
• Kilowatts (Int.) Foot-pounds/min 4.4261 x
• Kilowatts (Int.) Horsepower (mechanical) 1.
• Kilowatts (Int.) Horsepower (boiler) 0.
• Kilowatts (Int.) Horsepower (electric) 1.
• Kilowatts (Int.) Horsepower (metric) 1.
• Kilowatts (Int.) Joules (Int.)/hr 3.6 x
• Kilowatts (Int.) kg-meters/hr 3.6716 x
• Kilowatt-hours (Int.) Btu (mean) 3.41 x
• Kilowatt-hours (Int.) Foot-pounds 2.6557 x
• Kilowatt-hours (Int.) Hp-hours 1.
• Kilowatt-hours (Int.) Joules (Int.) 3.6 x
• Kilowatt-hours (Int.) kg-meters 3.6716 x
• Newton-meters Gram-cm 1.01972 x
• Newton-meters kg-meters 0.
• 9/85 (Reformatted 1/95) Appendix A A-
• Newton-meters Pound-feet 0. To Convert From To Multiply By
• Dynes Newtons 1.0 x 10- Force
• Dynes Poundals 7.233 x 10 -
• Dynes Pounds 2.248 x 10 -
• Newtons Dynes 1.0 x 10-
• Newtons Pounds (avdp.) 0.
• Poundals Dynes 1.383 x
• Poundals Newtons 0.
• Poundals Pounds (avdp.) 0.
• Pounds (avdp.) Dynes 4.448 x
• Pounds (avdp.) Newtons 4.
• Pounds (avdp.) Poundals 32.
• Feet Centimeters 30. Length
• Feet Inches
• Feet Kilometers 3.048 x 10 -
• Feet Meters 0.
• Feet Miles (statute) 1.894 x 10 -
• Inches Centimeters 2.
• Inches Feet 0.
• Inches Kilometers 2.54 x 10 -
• Inches Meters 0.
• Kilometers Feet 3.2808 x
• Kilometers Meters
• Kilometers Miles (statute) 0.
• Kilometers Yards 1.0936 x
• Meters Feet 3.
• Meters Inches 39.
• Micrometers Angstrom units 1.0 x
• A-16 EMISSION FACTORS (Reformatted 1/95) 9/
• Micrometers Centimeters 1.0 x 10- To Convert From To Multiply By
• Micrometers Feet 3.2808 x 10-
• Micrometers Inches 3.9370 x 10-
• Micrometers Meters 1.0 x 10-
• Micrometers Millimeters 0.
• Micrometers Nanometers
• Miles (statute) Feet
• Miles (statute) Kilometers 1.
• Miles (statute) Meters 1.6093 x
• Miles (statute) Yards
• Millimeters Angstrom units 1.0 x
• Millimeters Centimeters 0.
• Millimeters Inches 0.
• Millimeters Meters 0.
• Millimeters Micrometers
• Millimeters Mils 39.
• Nanometers Angstrom units
• Nanometers Centimeters 1.0 x 10-
• Nanometers Inches 3.937 x 10 -
• Nanometers Micrometers 0.
• Nanometers Millimeters 1.0 x 10-
• Yards Centimeters 91.
• Yards Meters 0.
• Grains Grams 0. Mass
• Grains Milligrams 64.
• Grains Pounds (apoth. or troy) 1.7361 x 10-
• Grains Pounds (avdp.) 1.4286 x 10-
• Grains Tons (metric) 6.4799 x 10-
• Grams Dynes 980.
• 9/85 (Reformatted 1/95) Appendix A A-
• Grams Grains 15. To Convert From To Multiply By
• Grams Kilograms 0.
• Grams Micrograms 1 x
• Grams Pounds (avdp.) 2.205 x 10 -
• Grams Tons, metric (megagrams) 1 x 10 -
• Kilograms Grains 1.5432 x
• Kilograms Poundals 70.
• Kilograms Pounds (apoth. or troy) 2.
• Kilograms Pounds (avdp.) 2.
• Kilograms Tons (long) 9.842 x 10 -
• Kilograms Tons (metric) 0.
• Kilograms Tons (short) 1.1023 x 10-
• Megagrams Tons (metric) 1.
• Milligrams Grains 0.
• Milligrams Grams 1.0 x 10-
• Milligrams Ounces (apoth. or troy) 3.215 x 10 -
• Milligrams Ounces (avdp.) 3.527 x 10 -
• Milligrams Pounds (apoth. or troy) 2.679 x 10 -
• Milligrams Pounds (avdp.) 2.2046 x 10-
• Ounces (apoth. or troy) Grains
• Ounces (apoth. or troy) Grams 31.
• Ounces (apoth. or troy) Ounces (avdp.) 1.
• Ounces (avdp.) Grains 437.
• Ounces (avdp.) Grams 28.
• Ounces (avdp.) Ounces (apoth. or troy) 0.
• Ounces (avdp.) Pounds (apoth. or troy) 0.
• Ounces (avdp.) Pounds (avdp.) 0.
• Pounds (avdp.) Poundals 32.
• Pounds (avdp.) Pounds (apoth. or troy) 1.
• Pounds (avdp.) Tons (long) 4.4643 x 10-
• A-18 EMISSION FACTORS (Reformatted 1/95) 9/
• Pounds (avdp.) Tons (metric) 4.5359 x 10- To Convert From To Multiply By
• Pounds (avdp.) Tons (short) 5.0 x 10-
• Pounds (avdp.) Grains
• Pounds (avdp.) Grams 453.
• Pounds (avdp.) Ounces (apoth. or troy) 14.
• Pounds (avdp.) Ounces (avdp.)
• Tons (long) Kilograms 1.016 x
• Tons (long) Pounds (apoth. or troy) 2.722 x
• Tons (long) Pounds (avdp.) 2.240 x
• Tons (long) Tons (metric) 1.
• Tons (long) Tons (short) 1.
• Tons (metric) Grams 1.0 x
• Tons (metric) Megagrams 1.
• Tons (metric) Pounds (apoth. or troy) 2.6792 x
• Tons (metric) Pounds (avdp.) 2.2046 x
• Tons (metric) Tons (long) 0.
• Tons (metric) Tons (short) 1.
• Tons (short) Kilograms 907.
• Tons (short) Pounds (apoth. or troy) 2.4301 x
• Tons (short) Pounds (avdp.)
• Tons (short) Tons (long) 0.
• Tons (short) Tons (metric) 0.
• Atmospheres cm of H 2 O (4°C) 1.033 x Pressure
• Atmospheres Ft of H 2 O (39.2°F) 33.
• Atmospheres In. of Hg (32°F) 29.
• Atmospheres kg/sq cm 1.
• Atmospheres mm of Hg (0°C)
• Atmospheres Pounds/sq inch 14.
• Inches of Hg (60°F) Atmospheres 0.
• 9/85 (Reformatted 1/95) Appendix A A-
• Inches of Hg (60°F) Grams/sq cm 34. To Convert From To Multiply By
• Inches of Hg (60°F) mm of Hg (60°F) 25.
• Inches of Hg (60°F) Pounds/sq ft 70.
• Inches of H 2 O (4°C) Atmospheres 2.458 x 10 -
• Inches of H 2 O (4°C) In. of Hg (32°F) 0.
• Inches of H 2 O (4°C) kg/sq meter 25.
• Inches of H 2 O (4°C) Pounds/sq ft 5.
• Inches of H 2 O (4°C) Pounds/sq inch 0.
• Kilograms/sq cm Atmospheres 0.
• Kilograms/sq cm cm of Hg (0°C) 73.
• Kilograms/sq cm Ft of H 2 O (39.2°F) 32.
• Kilograms/sq cm In. of Hg (32°F) 28.
• Kilograms/sq cm Pounds/sq inch 14.
• Millimeters of Hg (0°C) Atmospheres 1.3158 x 10-
• Millimeters of Hg (0°C) Grams/sq cm 1.
• Millimeters of Hg (0°C) Pounds/sq inch 0.
• Pounds/sq inch Atmospheres 0.
• Pounds/sq inch cm of Hg (0°C) 5.
• Pounds/sq inch cm of H 2 O (4°C) 70.
• Pounds/sq inch In. of Hg (32°F) 2.
• Pounds/sq inch In. of H 2 O (39.2°F) 27.
• Pounds/sq inch kg/sq cm 0.
• Pounds/sq inch mm of Hg (0°C) 51.
• Centimeters/sec Feet/min 1. Velocity
• Centimeters/sec Feet/sec 0.
• Centimeters/sec Kilometers/hr 0.
• Centimeters/sec Meters/min 0.
• Centimeters/sec Miles/hr 0.
• A-20 EMISSION FACTORS (Reformatted 1/95) 9/