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What should a ct with COPD do if he/she experiences shortness of breath and panics? ✔✔1) Rest arms on thighs --> releases the diaphragm, making breathing easier and lessening fear
- Pursed lip breathing --> can slow breathing and reduce anxiety What is contraindicated for RA? ✔✔1) Increasing AROM What can be used to initiate compression therapy for a ct 2 weeks post-op skin grafting with full-thickness burns on bilateral anterior/inner thighs? Also, what could be used during a later stage for compression therapy? What would be contraindicated? ✔✔Spandex bicycle pants
- Sufficient to apply gentle pressure without causing excessive shear or pressure on the newly adhered graft Later: Custom-made Jobst garment
Contraindicated: Thigh-high TED stockings (likely to create shear) Where on the body is Coban™ self-adherent wrap commonly used? ✔✔Smaller areas (i.e. fingers) What is the focus of CBT when applied in Mental Health OT? ✔✔• Social and life skills
- Focus on self-regulation through observational learning and modeling of skills What does the psychodynamic approach involve when applied in Mental Health OT? ✔✔• Involves clients projecting feeling that they may be unaware of into art or other activities
- Activities are used to express emotions What is the focus of a MOHO approach when applied in Mental Health OT? ✔✔Focuses on skilled performance of activities in context What is the focus of the Dynamic Interactional Model when applied in Mental Health OT? ✔✔• Focuses on multicontextual tasks and environmental conditions that are similar
- Applying cognitive strategies to facilitate transfer of skills across contexts
What is a positive Gower's sign and what does it indicate? ✔✔• Asked to get up from sitting on floor --> Child walks the hands up the legs and then moves into a standing position
- May be indicative of DMD Abdominal distention in an infant may be a sign of... ✔✔Cystic fibrosis Excessive bruising (not from abuse) may be a sign of... ✔✔Hemophilia A positive Trendelenburg's sign may be related to... ✔✔Hip dysplasia What do the following symptoms indicate? Pain, swelling, stiffness, and sudomotor and trophic changes ✔✔Complex regional pain syndrome What do the following symptoms indicate? Pain, fatigue, and tender trigger points ✔✔Fibromyalgia What do the following symptoms indicate?
Numbness and tingling in the thumb and index and middle fingers ✔✔Carpal tunnel syndrome What do the following symptoms indicate? Area that is hypersensitive and painful to touch ✔✔Neuroma FIM score of "3" indicates... ✔✔Mod A Name the stages and characteristics of Tuckman's theory of group development ✔✔• Performing is characterized by group productivity derived from a sense of trust, unity, and supportiveness
- Forming is characterized by dependence.
- Storming is characterized by conflict and competition.
- Norming is characterized by initiation of cohesion Modifying or adapting task tools is an intervention strategy of ... ✔✔The Ecology of Human Performance Model
The BOT-2 can be used to assess aspects of... ✔✔Fine and gross motor functioning that may be difficult as a result of dyspraxia The SIPT and sensory integration clinical observations provide information related to... ✔✔The underlying neurological functions that affect sensory integration The Sensory Profile can be used to gain an understanding of... ✔✔How sensory problems influence a child's participation in daily activities Tachydysrhythmia is characterized by... ✔✔Fast heart rate of 200 - 300 beats per minute
- Fairly common in children with cardiac conditions
- In extreme cases and when complications are present --> can lead to congestive heart failure Bradydysrhythmia is characterized by... Also, a child with bradydysrhythmia usually has.. ✔✔Heartbeat less than 60 beats per minute
- An atrioventricular block
- Pacemaker
What is Donepezil? Name one side effect. ✔✔Cholinergic-modulating drug
- May improve memory and cognition
- May reduce negative mood, anxiety, and hallucinations
- Dizziness is a side effect A client with low-level (T1) SCI should be.. ✔✔• Independent in personal care
- Only require a few hours of homemaking assistance each day upon discharge Attendant care 24 hours a day may be indicated for clients with... ✔✔Higher level SCI injury (C1-C4). Attendant care for 12 hours a day may be indicated for clients with... ✔✔C5-C6 SCI injury When dealing with clients who have dementia, what would be the primary role of the OTR in addressing caregiver burden? ✔✔Provide recommendations related to home modifications
During Type 1 (traumatic stage) CRPS, treatment should focus on... ✔✔• Management of pain and edema along with AROM
- Most recognized therapeutic intervention for CRPS --> stress loading program What is contraindicated during Type 1 CRPS? ✔✔• PROM and progressive resistive exercises increase pain and swelling
- Serial casting may add to joint stiffness
- Often cold intolerant A COTA decides that a client has returned to the previous level of function and continued occupational therapy services are no longer needed. Which is the BEST way to discharge this client? ✔✔1) COTA alerts the OTR
- OTR reviews the documentation
- COTA and OTR discuss the patient's progress and response to intervention
- COTA collaborates w/ OTR on a last treatment day
- OTR judges a client's need to continue, modify, or stop occupational therapy services, based on information and documentation from the COTA Where is the decubitus ulcer MOST likely to occur on a client's body? ✔✔Most commonly occurs at a bony prominence that has been compressed against an external surface for a prolonged period TRICARE provides health coverage for... ✔✔The military The Children's Health Insurance Program provides coverage for... ✔✔Children and families who cannot qualify for Medicaid and cannot afford health insurance The Federal Employees Health Benefit Program provides coverage for... ✔✔Federal employees What is indicated for De Quervain's tenosynovitis? ✔✔• Splints typically applied during the acute phase of injury
- Splint typically prescribed: forearm-based thumb Spica splint (immobilize the wrist, thumb CMC and MCP joints, placing the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis at rest)
- Avoid excessive radial and ulnar deviation
Pacing, difficulty choosing appropriate clothing, and vulgar or rude language are all common behavioral symptoms of "?" stage dementia ✔✔Middle-stage dementia (Related to loss of impulse control and difficulty communicating needs) A volar antispasticity hand splint can... ✔✔Decrease a soft-tissue contracture once minimal or moderate abnormal tone has been inhibited A client with a below-the-knee amputation tends to flex the knee when sitting in a wheelchair. Use of a knee extension splint can decrease the knee flexion contracture. A C bar splint can... ✔✔Maintain or improve the first web space affected by a median nerve injury A knee extension splint can... ✔✔Decrease the knee flexion contracture for a ct with a below- the-knee amputation (Tends to flex the knee when sitting in a wheelchair) A boney block can only be removed... ✔✔Surgically
What strategy might an OTR appropriately recommend to caregivers of a client with Alzheimer's disease to assist with fall prevention? ✔✔Engagement in activity-based interventions & daily structure (Documented to assist in fall prevention) The Modified Ashworth Scale is a measure of ... ✔✔Spasticity Trigger point evaluation is a measure of... ✔✔Localized soft-tissue pain The FIM is a measure of... ✔✔ADL independence A client with Huntington's disease presents with decreased motor planning. What is the most effective intervention for an OTR to implement with this cognitive impairment? ✔✔Mental imagery (Effective strategy to improve motor abilities for clients with decreased motor planning) Healing of the heart muscle takes "?" weeks MET limitations during this time? ✔✔ 4 to 8 weeks
This condition can lead to heart failure and inadequate oxygenation of the brain ✔✔Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- Heart defect that is common in premature children and people with Down syndrome
- A defect of the ductus arteriosus results in a lack of constriction --> heart failure and inadequate oxygenation of the brain This condition can lead to increased blood pressure and rapid heart rate ✔✔Tachycardia This condition can lead to difficulties with feeding and shortness of breath ✔✔Supraventricular tachycardia Job coaching provides... ✔✔Vocational evaluation to identify a client's vocational interests and abilities along with physical and mental tolerances for general job activities Functional capacity evaluation provides... ✔✔Information about a client's physical abilities to complete a specific job activity Job site evaluations assess... ✔✔The physical demands and layout of a specific job setting
Prework screening is done when... ✔✔A client has been offered a job Desensitization begins with... ✔✔The least irritating texture in the least sensitive area to be treated Desensitization is best used for "?" periods of time ✔✔Short periods (3 to 5 minutes five or six times per day If desensitization is poorly tolerated... ✔✔The activity can be combined with use of a TENS unit initially to decrease the client's perception of pain An OTR has been working with a client diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. The client's symptoms have diminished, but now the client reports more pain at the elbow in the median nerve area. When a client reports dual sites of impingement of a single nerve without a history of trauma, what condition is MOST likely the cause? ✔✔Double crush syndrome --> Over time, diminished blood flow to a peripheral nerve can result in serial impingements Thoracic outlet syndrome involves the... ✔✔Shoulder region Ulnar tunnel syndrome involves what nerve.. ✔✔Ulnar nerve Cubital tunnel syndrome involves the... ✔✔Ulnar nerve
- Likely able to express discomfort, even if nonverbal An OTR is attending an individualized education program (IEP) team planning for a 10 - year-old child with autism. Which principle BEST contributes to a good IEP? ✔✔To the maximum extent possible, the student must be educated with nondisabled peers
- IEP must include the student's strengths as well as needs
- IEP goal setting is for an entire academic year
- Transition planning begin at 14 years
- Transition services begin at 16 years Medicare Part B covers... ✔✔80% of the occupational therapy services in outpatient settings after the yearly deductible Medicare Part A covers... ✔✔Hospital services An OTR receives a referral for a child who has difficulty with balance and coordination. The OTR wants to determine whether the child has difficulty with visual-receptive functions. Which assessment method would be appropriate to use for this purpose? ✔✔Observing how a child's eyes work together These methods are ways to assess a child's visual-cognitive functions... ✔✔- Developmental Test of VMI
- BOT - (Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency)
- Interview teacher to determine whether child has difficulty w/spelling An OTR is planning a feeding session with a client with a C5 spinal cord injury (SCI). Which feeding utensil or adaptive equipment would be MOST APPROPRIATE to introduce during the session? ✔✔A mobile arm support is best for a client with a C5 injury because the client would most likely show shoulder muscle activity along with biceps and upper trapezius
- No wrist or finger movement (no tenodesis grasp) Essential job functions are defined as... ✔✔Job duties fundamental to the position the individual holds or desires to hold, as opposed to functions that are marginal Reasonable accommodations may include... ✔✔• Altered work schedule and duties
- Facility modifications
- Purchase of adaptive equipment or assistive technology
- Modifying or designing a new product The U.S. Department of Labor is responsible for... ✔✔• Occupational safety
