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achieved status
acquired during lifetime that is not given to you. -EX: College Graduate. Marriage. Get driver's license. Become President. TERM 2
ascribed status
DEFINITION 2 It is automatic. Nothing to do with skills, ability, actions. It is usually something you cannot change (or very difficult to do so). - EX: Royalty (Blue Bloods). Ethnicity. Gender. -Cultures usually rank or stratify their social organizations, societies, and systems by these status. -the more complex, the more power and control over resources change TERM 3
complementary status pairs
DEFINITION 3 -individuals who have different statuses that work together - EX: Rich can't be rich without people who are poor. Parent: Children. Police: Criminal. Teacher:Students -Roles are not completed without this TERM 4
symmetrical status pairs
DEFINITION 4 -individuals with the same or relatively similar status -EX: Siblings. Parents. Students. -How status is rewarded to an individual, either from origins or imposed -Status Origins TERM 5
caste systems
DEFINITION 5 -Ascribed. Born into social rank. Cannot change that. Marriage, money, anything can't change that. Not the same thing as class, money has nothing to do with caste systems. -Can include the (called the Untouchables in India). -different ways to tell caste level: names, dress, part of town living in, or stated, etc.
age sets
-groups of individuals that pass through consecutive age grades together. TERM 7
age grades
DEFINITION 7 cultural assumption/defined stages in the life cycle -EX: Marriage age, joining military, drinking age, driving age TERM 8
matriarchy
DEFINITION 8 The married couple lives with or near the relatives of the wife (13 percent of the societies) TERM 9
sexual dimorphism
DEFINITION 9 -the observed systematic difference in form between individuals of different sex in the same species. TERM 10
child bearing and factors limiting work / status
DEFINITION 10 mother are important to the raising of children if mother dies the more likely the child will not survive thus limiting certain work such as fighting in the military or working on a dangerous job.
bridewealth / brideprice
property she has / resources presented to the bride's family Ex: property or labor TERM 17
dowry
DEFINITION 17 resources presented to the groom's family TERM 18
serial monogamy
DEFINITION 18 marriage to one spouse at a time TERM 19
polygamy
DEFINITION 19 plural marriage( marriage to two or more spouses at the same time) TERM 20
polygyny
DEFINITION 20 marriage to 2 or more women at the same time
polyandry
marriage to 2 or more men at the same time TERM 22
levirate
DEFINITION 22 remarriage of a widow to the brother of her late husband TERM 23
sororate
DEFINITION 23 remarriage of a widower to the sister of his late wife TERM 24
ghost marriage
DEFINITION 24 -marry someone in the name of your dead spouse TERM 25
consanguineal kin
DEFINITION 25 (blood relatives) relationship based on descent from a common ancestor
phratry
division of a social unit into 3 or more affiliated groups (e.g. Two clans) TERM 32
bilateral descent
DEFINITION 32 is a system of family lineage in which the relatives on the mother's side and father's side are equally important for emotional ties or for transfer of property or wealth. TERM 33
unilineal descent
DEFINITION 33 descent traced through through only one parent TERM 34
patrilineal descent
DEFINITION 34 descent traced through male line TERM 35
matrilineal descent
DEFINITION 35 decent traced through female line
ambilineal descent
choice of decent through either the male or female line TERM 37
Eskimo
DEFINITION 37 -Grandma, Uncle, Aunt, Sibling, Cousin (not on linear) TERM 38
Hawaiian
DEFINITION 38 -Everyone in a given generation, has the same role name (Grandma's sister is also called grandma) -because of war, and maybe losing a parent, anyone can take over TERM 39
Iroquois
DEFINITION 39 Mom's sister is "Little Mom" or "Mom" same with dad's brother. Mom's brother is Uncle. TERM 40
Omaha / Crow
DEFINITION 40 is patrilineal- / is matrilineal
socialization
process of inheriting norms, customs and ideologies. -social learning -proper social knowledge -EX: status system, kinship, behavior, decorum, normal vs. deviant -norms -How do you get children to adhere to appropriate behavior? - Reinforcement -Positive and Negative TERM 47
behavioral learning theory
DEFINITION 47 Definition TERM 48
deviance
DEFINITION 48 is not following the norms (disruptive to community) - determined by degree (the extent) TERM 49
determinants
DEFINITION 49 Definition TERM 50
factors in violence
DEFINITION 50 -Urban v. Rural -crowding -hot v. cold -Nutrition -socialization -if you're raised to be non-violent, you tend to not be violent -Forms of Violence (this is a personal thing, very specific to individual motivation. Do not stereotype. Anthropologists study patterns)
retribution
-single act (you do something bad to me, I'm gonna do it back to you.) TERM 52
retaliation
DEFINITION 52 get revenge. TERM 53
feuds
DEFINITION 53 -Kin group v. kin group (EX: Hatfield's and McCoy's) -long term TERM 54
raids
DEFINITION 54 -larger groups, village size going after other villages -short term TERM 55
warfare internal
DEFINITION 55 very organized, long term systematic fighting within a society
arbitration
, a form of alternative dispute resolution, is a legal technique for the resolution of disputes outside the courts, wherein the parties to a dispute refer it to one or more persons by whose decision (the "award") they agree to be bound. TERM 62
mediation
DEFINITION 62 third party that doesn't make decisions, but helps them reach an agreement by bringing them suggestion and guidance) TERM 63
adjudication
DEFINITION 63 is the legal process by which an arbiter or judge reviews evidence and argumentation including legal reasoning set forth by opposing parties or litigants to come to a decision which determines rights and obligations between the parties involved.(take them to court! Still a third party, but not about negotiation anyway. They pass judgement) TERM 64
trial by ordeal
DEFINITION 64 is a judicial practice by which the guilt or innocence of the accused is determined by subjecting them to an unpleasant, usually dangerous experience.(the third party is basically fate. A test is done to prove innocence) (EX: Jousts, paternity tests, Hot Knife Test, Inuit Songs, drowning of women in Salem Witch Trials)
