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Various concepts related to ancient civilizations, focusing on mesopotamia and greece. Topics include music (antiphonal, cantor, responsory), religion (covenant contract, monotheism), empire (empire), epic poetry (epic), and architecture (liturgy, synagogue, ziggurat, temple-shrine). The document also includes information on key terms and images for ancient mesopotamia, greece, and rome.
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Amun Receives Sesostris I
picture of White Chapel Jemolo, Rome ( http://www.thais.it/architettura/egizia/schede/scm_00034_uk.htm ) Narmer Palette Hirmer ( http://www.terraflex.co.il/ad/egypt/narmerspalette.htm ) Diagram of Above A/W ( http://www.mazzaroth.com/ChapterFour/NarmersPaletteReverse.htm ) Mycerinus and Queen MFA Boston ( http://rubens.anu.edu.au/htdocs/surveys/charlotte/0000/000062.JPG ) Sphinx Stock Montage Chicago ( http://www.thais.it/architettura/egizia/schede/scm_00021_uk.htm ) Sphinx Stock Montage Chicago ( http://www.thais.it/architettura/egizia/schede/scm_00100_uk.htm ) Sphinx Stock Montage Chicago ( http://www.thais.it/architettura/egizia/schede/scm_00020_uk.htm ) Mummy and Coffin BM ( http://home.golden.net/~weberd/hwc.htm#Egypt ) Pyramids Zefa ( http://home.golden.net/~weberd/hwc.htm#Egypt )
Banquet and Dancing Girls enter the site and continue searching through Compass, then type in Thebes BM ( http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/index.html ) Plan of Pylon Temple A/W ( http://daphne.palomar.edu/mhudelson/StudyGuides/EgyptTemple_WA.html ) Hypostyle Hall, Karnak AA ( http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/egypt/explore/karnakhypsou.html ) Hieroglyphics of Hymn to the Aten ( http://www.sofiatopia.org/equiaeon/davies.htm )
antiphonal a type of music in which two or more groups of voices or instruments alternate with one another cantor the chief singer of the liturgy covenant contract the bond between the Hebrew people and their God empire a state achieved militarily by the unification of territories under a single sovereign power epic a long narrative poem that recounts the deeds of a legendary or historical hero in his quest for meaning or identity liturgy the rituals for public worship
menorah a seven-branched candelabrum monotheism the belief in one and only one god responsory a type of music in which a single voice answers another voice or a chorus shofar a trumpet made of a ram's horn, used to summon Jews to prayer synagogue the Jewish house for worship and religious study Torah (Hebrew, "instruction," "law," or "teaching") the first five books of the Hebrew Bible Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy ziggurat a terraced tower of rubble and brick that served ancient Mesopotamians as a temple-shrine
Harp from Ur enter the site and continue searching through Compass, then type in Queen's Lyre BM ( http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/index.html ) The Standard of Ur (both sides) enter the site and continue searching through Compass, then type in Standard of Ur BM ( http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/index.html )
Atman the Hindu name for the Self; the personal part of Brahman Brahman the Hindu name for the Absolute Spirit; an impersonal World Soul that pervades all things caste system a rigid social stratification in India based on differences in wealth, rank, or occupation karma (Sanskrit, "deed") the law that holds that one's deeds determine one's future life in the Wheel of Rebirth nirvana (Sanskrit, "liberation" or "extinction") the blissful reabsorption of the Self into the Absolute Spirit (Brahman): release from the endless cycle of rebirth (see also Buddhism, chapters 8, 9) pantheism the belief that a divine spirit pervades all things in the universe qi (Chinese, "substance" or "breath") the material substance or vital force of the universe yoga (Sanskrit, "to yoke or join") a system of spiritual exercises aimed at joining the Self and the One through control of mind and body
Dancing Girl Indus Valley inscriptions Nat. Mus. Delhi ( http://indoeuro.bizland.com/project/script/indus.jpg ) Ceremonial Wine Vessel Art of Asia, Virtual Tour: Cincinnati Art Museum ( http://www.cincinnatiartmuseum.org/greatart/tour_asia.shtml )
Bronze Standing Figure China Exhibitions ( http://www.nga.gov/education/chinatp_sl08.htm ) Jade Shroud China Exhibitions ( http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/china1999/358_129.htm ) Oracle Bone Columbia U/Arch ( http://www.chinapage.com/oracle/oracle00.html ) Yin Yang Symbol text regarding symbol A/W
allegory a literary device in which objects, persons, or actions are equated with secondary, figurative meanings that underlie their literal meaning amphora a two-handled vessel used for oil or wine (see Figures 4.7 and 5.4) antagonist the character that directly opposes the protagonist in drama or fiction catalog a list of people, things, or attributes, characteristic of biblical and Homeric literature democracy a government in which supreme power is vested in the people dialectical method a question-and-answer style of inquiry made famous by Socrates empirical method a method of inquiry dependent on direct experience or observation
The Queen's Quarters comprehensive tour AAA ( http://www.daedalus.gr/DAEI/THEME/Knossos.htm ) Bull-leaping Fresco comprehensive tour Scala ( http://www.daedalus.gr/DAEI/THEME/Knossos.htm ) Priestess with Snakes LKP Com. Tranny ( http://www.ou.edu/finearts/art/ahi4913/aegeanhtml/minoansculpture2.html ) Lion Gate at Mycenae LKP Com. Tranny ( http://argeas.cs-net.gr/argolis/liongate.html ) Mask of Agamemnon LKP Com. Tranny ( http://www.artchive.com/artchive/G/greek/agamemnon.jpg.html ) Amphora - detail showing foot race Met ( http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/04/eusb/ho_14.130.12.htm ) Theatre at Epidaurus LKP Archive ( http://www.culture.gr/2/21/211/21104n/e211dn02.html ) Plan of the Theatre from Above A/W ( http://www.culture.gr/2/21/211/21104n/e211dn02.html ) Kylix Interior
search the site for similar pieces Met ( http://www.metmuseum.org/Works_Of_Art/index.asp ) Bust of Socrates Archive/Hirmer ( http://ocw.mit.edu/NR/rdonlyres/Global/7/74471E7A-0D1C-49B6-82CF-204F08193DEF/0/21L704.jpg )
aulos a wind instrument used in ancient Greece; it had a double reed (held inside the mouth) and a number of finger holes and was always played in pairs, that is, with the performer holding one in each hand; a leather band was often tied around the head to support the cheeks, thus enabling the player to blow harder (see Figure 6.5) contrapposto (Italian, "counterpoised") a position assumed by the human body in which one part is turned in opposition to another part frieze in architecture, a sculptured or ornamented band gable the triangular section of a wall at the end of a pitched roof hymn a lyric poem offering divine praise or glorification kithara a large version of the lyre (having seven to eleven strings) and the principal instrument of ancient Greek music kouros (Greek, "youth"; pl. kouroi) a youthful male figure, usually depicted nude in ancient Greek sculpture; the female counterpart is the kore (Greek, "maiden"; pl. korai) krater a vessel used for mixing wine and water lyre any one of a group of plucked stringed instruments; in ancient Greece usually
series of notes C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C) of the twelve-tone octave; the chromatic scale consists of all twelve tones (represented by the twelve piano keys, seven white and five black) of the octave, each a semitone apart tholos a circular structure, generally in classical Greek style and probably derived from early tombs
Doryphorus LKP Comm. Tranny ( http://www.roanoke.edu/gst/Doryphoros.htm ) Proportional Study of a Man Leonardo LKP Comm. Tranny ( http://www.laks.com/english/331.html ) Geometric Krater Met ( http://www.metmuseum.org/Works_Of_Art/viewOneZoom.asp? dep=13&zoomFlag=0&viewMode=0&item=1... ) Amphora with Achilles and Ajax Playing Dice Vatican Museums ( http://www.christusrex.org/www1/vaticano/ETb-Amphora.jpg ) Amphora with Achilles and Ajax Playing Dice similar vases Vatican Museums ( http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/image?lookup=1993.01.0629 ) Epictetus, detail of cup enter the site and continue searching through Compass, then type in Black Figure or Red Figure for similar images BM ( http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/index.html ) Kouros
Met ( http://www.metmuseum.org/Works_Of_Art/viewOne.asp?dep=13&viewMode=0&item=32.11.1 ) Calf-Bearer Acrop Mus. Athens ( http://www.metmuseum.org/Works_Of_Art/viewOne.asp?dep=6&viewMode=0&item=1970.44 ) Calf-Bearer (at dig site) Acrop Mus. Athens ( http://daphne.palomar.edu/mhudelson/WorksofArt/05Greek/4169.html ) Kroisos from Anavyssos Nat. Mus. Athens ( http://www.lanecc.edu/artad/ArtHistoryProgram/5-10kouros.htm ) Kritios Boy LKP Comm. Tranny ( http://www.hartzler.org/cc307/archaic/images/057.jpg ) Kritios Boy (at dig site) LKP Comm. Tranny ( http://daphne.palomar.edu/mhudelson/WorksofArt/05Greek/4169.html ) Discobolus Scala ( http://www.artchive.com/artchive/G/greek/discobolos.jpg.html ) Zeus (for Poseidon) LKP Comm. Tranny ( http://www.culture.gr/2/21/214/21405m/00/lm05m045.jpg ) Kore from Chios similar statue Kontos, Athens ( http://www.culture.gr/2/21/211/21101m/00/lk01m016.jpg )
East Frieze Detail LKP Archive ( http://www.culture.gr/2/21/211/21101m/00/lk01m012.jpg ) Gold Pendant Disk Novosti ( http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/03/hm3_1_5b.html ) Amphora Met ( http://www.metmuseum.org/Works_Of_Art/viewOne.asp?dep=13&viewMode=0&item=56.171.38 ) Marble Relief Met ( http://www.usask.ca/antiquities/Collection/Maenad.html ) Head of Alexander Istanbul, Arch. Mus ( http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/ImagesofAlexander/Antiquity_All.html ) Altar of Zeus Pergamon Mus. ( http://www.phil.uni-erlangen.de/~p1altar/photo_html/bauplastik/fries/pergamon/gigantomach... ) Detail of Altar Pergamon Mus. ( http://www.phil.uni-erlangen.de/~p1altar/photo_html/bauplastik/fries/pergamon/perga35.jpg ) Nike of Samothrace RMN ( http://www.artchive.com/artchive/ftptoc/greek_ext.html ) Laocoon Group Vatican Mus./Scala ( http://www.artchive.com/artchive/ftptoc/greek_ext.html )
apse a vaulted semicircular recess at one or both ends of a basilica atrium the inner courtyard of a Roman house, usually colonnaded and open to the sky attic the superstructure or low upper story above the main order of a façade basilica a large, colonnaded hall commonly used for public assemblies, law courts, baths, and marketplaces eclogue a pastoral poem, usually involving shepherds in an idyllic rural setting epistle a formal letter equestrian mounted on horseback imperium (Latin, "command," "empire") the civil and military authority exercised by the rulers of ancient Rome (and the root of the English words "imperialism" and "empire"); symbolized in ancient Rome by an eagle-headed scepter and the fasces, an ax bound in a bundle of rods mosaic a medium by which small pieces of glass or stone are embedded in wet cement on wall and floor surfaces; any picture or pattern made in this manner oratory the art of public speaking pastoral pertaining to the country, to shepherds, and the simple rural life; also, any work of art presenting an idealized picture of country life