



Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
Animal Biology Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers
Typology: Exams
1 / 5
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Zoology - ANSWERSthe scientific study of animals The Scientific Method - ANSWERSA self-correcting process for asking questions and observing nature's answers Animal - ANSWERSMulticellular, heterotrophic, reproduce sexually Eukaryotic Cell - ANSWERSCells with membrane bound nucleus, endosymbiosis explains the origin of the organelles Animals in Geological Time Scale - ANSWERSPrecambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic... Bacteria, Archaea, Eucarya Biodiversity Hotspots - ANSWERSRelatively small areas with high species richness and many endemic species Evolution - ANSWERSA change in a species over time Microevolution - ANSWERSChange of allele frequencies over time. Operates at the population level within species Macroevolution - ANSWERSLarge scale changes in allele frequencies operates at the species level and higher levels of taxonomic organization DNA - ANSWERSA molecule composed of two strands of nucleotides in the shape known as a double helix Gene - ANSWERSA portion of DNA whose sequence of nucleotides codes for a protein trait Allele - ANSWERSA version or alternate form of a gene Genotype - ANSWERSThe genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism. Phenotype - ANSWERSStructure and function of an individual
Crossing-over - ANSWERSThe exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring Mutation - ANSWERSRandom permanent changes in the sequence of nucleotides (A, T, C, G) Genetic Drift - ANSWERSThe change in the allele frequencies in a population that purely by chance events Population Bottleneck - ANSWERSOccurs when the size of a population is greatly reduced, some alleles may be lost or change in frequency Founder Effect - ANSWERSOccurs when a small number of indictable leave their home-large population and colonized a new area bringing a small amount of genetic variantion Nonrandom mating - ANSWERSWhen individuals prefer mates with particular or superior physical characteristics Positive Assortative Mating - ANSWERSIndividuals mate preferentially with others Inbreeding - ANSWERSPreferential mating among relatives Natural Selection - ANSWERSWhen two forces are at work. Genetic variation. When certain geno/phenotypes that are favored to survives and reproduce Fitness - ANSWERSA measure of the genetic information contributed to the next generation by an individual (number of surviving offspring produced by the individuals) Stabilizing Selection - ANSWERSExtreme phenotype are less fit Directional Selection - ANSWERSOne extreme phenotypes is the fittest Disruptive Selection - ANSWERSTwo or more extreme phenotypes are fitter than the intermediate phenotypes Natural Selection (Examples) - ANSWERSAnimals skin or coat color blending in with the background Fossils - ANSWERSRemains or impressions of an organism from a past geological time that has been preserved by natural process Speciation - ANSWERSThe "formation" of a new species over geological time Dispersal - ANSWERSMovement of individuals from their source location to another location where they might establish and reproduce
Cosmopolitan - ANSWERSSpecies with very large geographic ranges that can span several continents Semelparity - ANSWERSReproduce only once during their life Interparity - ANSWERSReproduce multiple times during their life; i.e. Most animals Modular Animals - ANSWERSReproduction is by asexual cloning, form colonies, or genetically identical organisms Unitary animals - ANSWERSDo not form colonies, must reproduce sexually, but some can reproduce by parthenogenesis Community - ANSWERSA dynamic and interactive group of populations from different species coexisting in a defined geographical area Ecosystem - ANSWERSIncludes all of the populations of organisms living in certain area plus their physical environment Food Web - ANSWERSA lot of animals have flexibility, so they can go after multiple preys Herbivore - ANSWERSConsumes plants and algae Predator - ANSWERSKills and consumes animals Detritivore - ANSWERSConsumes dead material Omnivore - ANSWERSConsumes plants and animals Filter Feeder - ANSWERSSuspension feeding animals fed by straining suspended matter and food particles from water Competition - ANSWERSInteraction between organisms, populations, or species, in which birth, growth, and death depend on gaining a shape of a limited environmental resource Active hunting strategies - ANSWERSPredators spend most of the time looking for prey Ambush hunting strategies - ANSWERSWaits for prey to walk by Mesopredators - ANSWERSRelatively small carnivores that consume herbivores Top Predators - ANSWERSPredators that typically consume both herbivores and mesopredators
Generalists - ANSWERSSelect and eat a wide variety of food items Specialist - ANSWERSFeeding upon a single species or a restricted range of closely related species Cryptic Coloration - ANSWERSMatch the background or resemble some inedible feature of the environment Aposematic coloration - ANSWERSToxic or distasteful animals advertise their strategy with bright colors and conspicuous behavior Mimicry - ANSWERSMatching animal animal to attract prey Parasitism - ANSWERSAcquire resources at the expense of a living host Modes of Transmission - ANSWERSIngestion, vectors, skin penetration, breathing in eggs, physical contact Mutualism - ANSWERSA positive interaction between two species in which each species receives benefits that the other species can provide Parasitoids - ANSWERSDifferent groups of insects