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A comprehensive overview of anesthetic medications, covering various aspects such as their properties, uses, and effects on the body. It includes a series of questions and answers related to anesthetic agents, their mechanisms of action, and their clinical applications. Valuable for students and professionals in the medical field who are seeking to enhance their knowledge of anesthetic medications.
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What |medication |is |not |as |highly |bound |to |fat |as |others? |- |correct |answer |-Brevital
This |may |cause |hiccups, |tachycardia, |and |respiratory |depression |- |correct |answer |-Brevital
You |should |use |this |cautiously |in |patients |with |cardiac |dysrhythmias |- |correct |answer |-Local |Anesthetic
What |is |Valium |(Diazepam) |used |for? |- |correct |answer |-To |sedate |the |patient
What |medication |is |used |as |an |antagonist |for |narcotics? |- |correct |answer |-Naloxone |(Narcan)
This |medication |can |cause |bad |dreams |with |emergence |- |correct |answer |-Ketamine
What |organ |detoxifies |barbituates? |- |correct |answer |-Liver
What |are |the | 4 |important |characteristics |that |apply |to |anesthetic |agents? |- |correct |answer |-
This |medication |causes |amnesia? |- |correct |answer |-Versed
Name |a |benzodiazepine? |- |correct |answer |-Versed
Versed, |Propofol, |Brevital, |and |Ketmine |are |used |for? |- |correct |answer |-Relaxation |and |immobility
What |medication |is |the |most |effective |in |causing |hypnosis |(loss |of |consciousness)? |- |correct |answer |-Propofol |and |barbiturates
Name |a |barbiturate |- |correct |answer |-Brevital
What |medication |helps |to |prevent |laryngospasms? |- |correct |answer |-Robinol |and |Atropine
What |medication |relieves |Angina? |- |correct |answer |-Nytroglycerine
Microscopic |channels |within |the |membranes |of |neurons |through |which |charged |particles |or |ions |pass |during |conduction |of |the |nerve |impulse. |- |correct |answer |-Ion |Channels
A |reversal |of |charge |across |the |neuronal |membrane |caused |by |the |movement |of |positively |and |negatively |charged |ions |through |ion |channels. |- |correct |answer |-Depolarization
An |advancing |wave |of |charge |reversal |as |the |nerve |impulse |advances |along |the |neuron |- |correct |answer |-Wave |of |depolarization
Reestablishment |of |the |normal |distribution |of |charge |across |a |neuronal |membrane |- |correct |answer |-Repolarization
The |junction |between |two |nerves, |the |impulse |"jumps |across" |- |correct |answer |-Synapse
Naturally |occurring |substances |that |have |analgesic |properties |similar |to |those |of |opioid |drugs |- |correct |answer |-Endorphins
What |center |is |located |in |the |brainstem |that |controls |such |physiologic |process |as |blood |pressure |and |pulse, |depth |and |rate |of |respiration |- |correct |answer |-Vital |Center
Almond |shaped |structure, |located |in |the |upper |most |part |of |the |brainstem |and |serves |as |a |bridge |to |the |midbrain |- |correct |answer |-Pons
Contains |the |vital |center |with |the |pons |- |correct |answer |-Medulla
Normal |state |of |vitals |- |correct |answer |-Hemostasis
Effect |the |drug |has |on |the |body |- |correct |answer |-Pharmacodynamics
Effect |the |body |has |on |the |drug |- |correct |answer |-Pharmacokinetics
Release |of |a |drug |from |its |initial |receptor |site, |movement |through |the |blood |stream |to |other |body |structures |- |correct |answer |-Redistribution
Chemical |alteration |of |drugs |and |other |substances |that |usually |takes |place |in |the |liver. |- |correct |answer |-Metabolism
Anesthesia |that |relies |on |the |use |of |several |agents |together, |capitalizing |on |the |best |aspects |of |each |agent, |but |using |each |at |a |smaller |does |than |would |be |required |if |it |were |used |alone. |- |correct |answer |-Balanced |Anesthesia
per |os |means |what |- |correct |answer |-By |mouth
Per |os, |topical, |subcutaneous, |rectal, |intramuscular, |intravenous, |inhalation |route, |or |intravenous |via |infusion |pump |are |all |routes |of |what? |- |correct |answer |-Routes |of |administration |of |medication
How |do |you |find |the |percent |of |concentration |for |a |solution? |- |correct |answer |- Concentration |% |= |mg/cc |(1% |= |1g/100mL)
What |are |the | 4 |levels |of |anesthesia? |- |correct |answer |-1. |Minimal |Sedation/Anxiolysis
Describe |Minimal |Sedation |(Anxiolysis) |- |correct |answer |-Normal |response |to |verbal |stimuli. |Airway, |ventilation, |and |cardiovascular |functions |are |unaffected.
Describe |Moderate |Sedation/Conscious |sedation |- |correct |answer |-Purposeful |response |to |verbal |or |tactile |stimulation. |Ventilation, |cardiovascular, |and |airway |functions |are |maintained
Describe |Deep |Sedation |- |correct |answer |-Purposeful |response |after |repeated |or |painful |stimulation |with |possible |need |for |maintenance |of |airway, |ventilation, |and |cardiovascular |function |usually |maintained.
Describe |General |Anesthesia |- |correct |answer |-The |patient |is |unarousable, |even |with |painful |stimulation, |airway |intervention |required |with |possible |support |of |ventilation |and |possible |impairment |of |cardiovascular |function.
A |phenomenon |during |emergence |from |anesthesia |that |follows |the |discontinuation |of |nitrous |oxide |and |during |which |nitrous |oxide |rapidly |passes |from |the |bloodstream |into |the |alveoli |and |displaces |other |gases, |including |oxygen |- |correct |answer |-Diffusion |Hypoxia
Infusion |pumps |provide |a |- |correct |answer |-Continuous |infusion
What |type |of |medications |are |anti-nausea |medications? |- |correct |answer |-Antiemetic's
Barbiturate |intravenous |anesthetics |and |propofol |are |all |what |kind |of |depressants? |- |correct |answer |-Respiratory
Absence |of |breathing |- |correct |answer |-Apnea
What |causes |an |increase |of |carbon |dioxide |(Hypercarbia) |- |correct |answer |-Apnea
A |distant |or |wandering |gaze |- |correct |answer |-Nystagmic
This |drug |is |highly |lipid-soluble |and |reaches |its |peak |in | 1 |minute. |Patients |become |fully |oriented |within |15-30 |minutes |- |correct |answer |-Ketamine
What |is |the |half |life |of |Ketmaine |- |correct |answer |-Half |of |the |drug |is |out |of |the |system |in |2.5-3 |hours.
This |medication |is |highly |bound |to |fat |and |is |only |stable |for |24-48 |hours |and |can |cause |and |anesthetic |hangover. |- |correct |answer |-Thiopental |sodium |(Pentothal)
Short |acting |barbiturate, |not |highly |bound |to |fat. |This |drug |can |cause |bronchospasms, |laryngospasms, |hypotension, |and |hiccupps. |This |drug |should |be |used |in |caution |with |patients |with |asthma |or |seizure |disorders. |- |correct |answer |-Brevital/Methohexital
Chemical |structure |derived |from |ammonia |used |for |Lidocaine, |mepivacaine, |prilocaine, |bupivacaine. |- |correct |answer |-Amide
A |chemical |structure |by |the |combination |of |an |acid |with |an |alcohol |such |as |procaine |and |cocaine. |- |correct |answer |-Ester
Having |activity |that |mimics |the |effects |of |the |sympathetic |nervous |system |eg. |epinephrine |- |correct |answer |-Sympathomimetic
A |topical |anesthetic |prior |to |venipuncture |- |correct |answer |-Vapocoolant
What |does |anxiolytic |mean? |- |correct |answer |-Dissolving |anxiety
What |is |the |opposite |of |the |intended |effect |- |correct |answer |-Paradoxical |effect
Inflammation |of |a |blood |vessel |in |response |to |an |irritating |intravenously |administer |substance. |- |correct |answer |-Phlebitis
Formation |of |a |blood |clot |in |a |blood |vessel, |usually |a |vein |- |correct |answer |-Thrombosis
Unpleasant |feeling |on |emerging |from |anesthesia |- |correct |answer |-Dysphoria
Another |name |for |the |reversal |drug |Romazicon |- |correct |answer |-Flumazenil
Another |name |for |the |reversal |drug |Naloxone |- |correct |answer |-Narcan
These |drugs |can |be |given |by |themselves |have |therapeutic |effects |if |given |with |a |narcotic |it |can |reverse |the |effects |of |the |narcotic. |- |correct |answer |-Narcotic |Agonist-antagonists
Drug |that |counteracts |the |action |of |acetylcholine |which |hereby |blocks |that |action |of |the |parasympathetic |nerves |- |correct |answer |-Anticholinergic
Inhalation |agents |are |classified |as |what? |- |correct |answer |-Halogenated |Hydrocarbons
What |are | 4 |Inhalation |agents |used |in |anesthesia? |- |correct |answer |-Sevoflurane, |Desflurane, |Isoflurane, |Halothane
What |is |the |main |stem |of |the |bronchi |- |correct |answer |-Carnia
What |is |the |monitoring |of |carbon |dioxide |in |expired |air |called? |This |is |required |in |endotracheal |intubation |use. |- |correct |answer |-Capnography
The |reason |that |methohexital |(Brevital) |is |considered |to |be |ultra |short |acting |is |because |- |correct |answer |-It |is |not |as |highly |bound |to |fat |as |thiopental |(Pentothal)
What |is |the |advantage |of |using |Propofol |over |Brevital? |- |correct |answer |-Lower |incidence |of |nausea |and |a |shorter |duration
Describe |the | 4 |Classes |of |Malampatti |- |correct |answer |-Class |I: |Soft |palate, |fauces, |uvula, |pillars |visible
Class |II: |Soft |palate, |fauces, |uvula |visible
Class |III: |Soft |palate, |base |of |uvula |visible
Class |IV: |Soft |palate |not |visible |at |all