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Material Type: Notes; Class: Humanities; Subject: Humanities; University: Santa Fe Community College; Term: Forever 1989;
Typology: Study notes
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A major society was built by Dravidian peoples, c. 3000- BC. The cultivated cotton before 5000 BC and poultry. The society declined after 1900 BC. The Harappan society centered around the cities of Harappa (Punjab Region) and Mohenjo-Daro (mouth of Indus River). These sites, in relation to their size and layout, are the largest for their age and unlike any other cities of the ancient world.
A major society was built by Dravidian peoples, c. 3000- BC. The cultivated cotton before 5000 BC and poultry. The society declined after 1900 BC. The Harappan society centered around the cities of Harappa (Punjab Region) and Mohenjo-Daro (mouth of Indus River). These sites, in relation to their size and layout, are the largest for their age and unlike any other cities of the ancient world.
Mohenjo-daro Ruins Mohenjo-Daro possessed a population of up to 40,000. As a region center, the architectural layout of the city suggests a public purpose – broad streets, citadel, pool, sewage. Religiously their main gods and goddesses were fertility deities, and there is evidence that these figures and concepts survived in various forms in later Hinduism. Mohenjo-daro Ruins Mohenjo-Daro possessed a population of up to 40,000. As a region center, the architectural layout of the city suggests a public purpose – broad streets, citadel, pool, sewage. Religiously their main gods and goddesses were fertility deities, and there is evidence that these figures and concepts survived in various forms in later Hinduism.
Reasons for the end of Harappan Society remain unclear
Reasons for the end of Harappan Society remain unclear
Aryan Culture and Society Aryans, light-skinned invaders from the north, arrived in India c. 2000 BC. They subdued the native Dravidians. The Aryans had a pastoral community with sheep, goats, horses, and cattle, but came to rely more on agriculture than herding. They also began more structured political institutions and built regional kingdoms, but never came close to substantial political unification. Most information about the Aryans comes from the collection of religious hymns known as the Vedas , especially the Rig Veda. Aryan Culture and Society Aryans, light-skinned invaders from the north, arrived in India c. 2000 BC. They subdued the native Dravidians. The Aryans had a pastoral community with sheep, goats, horses, and cattle, but came to rely more on agriculture than herding. They also began more structured political institutions and built regional kingdoms, but never came close to substantial political unification. Most information about the Aryans comes from the collection of religious hymns known as the Vedas , especially the Rig Veda.
The Vedic Age The Four Main Castes (1000 bc)
1. Brahmins (priests), 2. Kshatriyas (warriors and nobles) 3. Vaishyas (artisans and merchants) 4. Shudras (peasants and serfs) A few centuries later the Harijan (untouchables) were added. Thousands of Jati (sub-castes) would arise later based mainly on occupation. The Vedic Age The Four Main Castes (1000 bc) 1. Brahmins (priests), 2. Kshatriyas (warriors and nobles) 3. Vaishyas (artisans and merchants) 4. Shudras (peasants and serfs) A few centuries later the Harijan (untouchables) were added. Thousands of Jati (sub-castes) would arise later based mainly on occupation.
Patriarchy in Ancient Indian Society The society would remain staunchly patriarchal as expressed in the Lawbook of Manu and by the practice of sati. Lawbook of Manu
Teachings of the Upanishads Upanishad Texts (800-400 bc) Aryan religion evolved, inspired by native Dravidian views. These texts examined the relationship between every individual and Brahma, the universal soul.
Early Agricultural Society Huang He (Yellow River) The first societies in China developed along the fertile banks of the Yellow River, despite the fact that its long history of devastating flooding has earned it the nickname “China’s Sorrow.” Early Agricultural Society Huang He (Yellow River) The first societies in China developed along the fertile banks of the Yellow River, despite the fact that its long history of devastating flooding has earned it the nickname “China’s Sorrow.” Political Organization in Early China The yellow river as depicted in Qin Dynasty Chinese landscape painting
Early Agricultural Society Yangshao (5000 - 3000 bc) The Yangshao society, centered around the neolithic village at Banpo, is the earliest evidence of civilization in China. Early Agricultural Society Yangshao (5000 - 3000 bc) The Yangshao society, centered around the neolithic village at Banpo, is the earliest evidence of civilization in China. Political Organization in Early China
Shang Dynasty (1766 – 1122 bc) Early Sudanic Agriculture The Shang power lay in their Monopolization of bronze metallurgy. This allowed them to have a powerful military state and political organization. Shang Dynasty (1766 – 1122 bc) Early Sudanic Agriculture The Shang power lay in their Monopolization of bronze metallurgy. This allowed them to have a powerful military state and political organization. Political Organization in Early China
Shang Dynasty Ao – Major City There is evidence of human sacrifice at Ao. No inscriptions appeared on oracle bones during this time. Ao was a typical design for Shang settlements. Shang Dynasty Ao – Major City There is evidence of human sacrifice at Ao. No inscriptions appeared on oracle bones during this time. Ao was a typical design for Shang settlements. Political Organization in Early China