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ANCC FNP EXAM|QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|2025|2026|149 TERMS|A+ PASS
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Treatment for mild allergic conjunctivits Topical antihistamines/mast cell stabilizer NSAIDs and topical corticosteroids are not first line Pt with allergic conjunctivitis often produce inadequate amount of tears (oral antihistamines may induce dry eye syndrome) Oral hairy leukoplakia elongated papilla of the lateral aspect on the tongue What causes oral hairy leukoplakia? EBV Koplik's spot
clusters of small red papules with white centers located on the buccal mucosa by the lower molars (o = kopliks) Prodromic viral of measles appears 2-3 days before the rash Geographic tongue inflammatory disorder that usually appears on top and side of the tongue multiple fissures and irreregular smoother areas on its surface that make it look like a topographic map Cheilosis painful inflammation and cracking of the corners of the mouth Peritonsillar abscess severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, trismus, and muffled "hot potato" voice abscess displaces the uvula pterygium
exposure to Rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), toxoplasmosis Seizures diabetic retinopathy cotton wool spots Normal intraocular pressure 8-21mm Hg Intermittent Esotropia common in infants younger than 20 weeks resolves spontaneously refer if present after 20 weeks Kawasaki Disease high fever, enlarged lymph nodes, conjunctivitis, dry, cracked lips strawberry tongue most cases under 5 years of age
pharyngitis acute infection of the pharynx stuffy nose, rhinitis with clear mucus, and watery eyes allergic rhinitis inflammatory changes of the nasal mucosa due to an allergy response most common sign: transverse nasal crease (allergic salute) tonsillitis inflammation of the tonsils sore throat, difficulty swallowing, tender lymph nodes Treatment for otitis externa Use aluminum acetate solution PRN (provides soothing, effective relief of minor skin irritations and inflammation) keep water out of the ear
adenovirus contagious for 10-12 days self limiting Transmission of sound through the ear
chronic condition caused by inflammation of the eyelids contact lens keratitis eye pain, redness, excessive tearing, lesion on the cornea 1st line- topical abx primary angle-closure glaucoma sudden blockage of the aqueous humor increased intraocular pressure Acute Rhinosinusitis inflammation of the mucosal lining of nasal passages, lasting up to 4 weeks, caused by allergens Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis secondary bacterial infection, usually following viral URI
initial symptom improvement and then worsening of symptoms (double sickening) cacosmia (sense of bad odor in the nose) unilateral facial pain 7 day tx is the best Tx for ABRS in adults Initial therapy: amoxicillin or amox-clav Beta-lactam allergy: No anaphylaxis (cefdinir, cefpodoxime, cefuroxime) anaphylaxis (levo, moxi, doxycycline) *macrolide abx (azithro, clarithro, erythro) and TMX-SMX (Bactrim) not recommended in ABRS tx Doxycycline pregnancy risk: Cat D Resp fluroquinolones
pregnancy risk: Cat C Normal hearing no lateralization AC>BC Sensorineural hearing loss lateralization to good ear (sound is heard louder in the normal ear) AC>BC Conductive hearing loss lateralization to bad ear (sound is heard louder in the bad ear) BC>AC Allergic rhinitis inflammatory, IgE mediated disease due to genetic and environmental interactions and characterized by nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, intraocular and/or nasal itching
Sinus develop at 12 years of age Sphenoid Oral Cancer most cases involve squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue and mouth floor Risk factor for SCC oral cancer More potent
Presentation of SCC oral cancer painless, ulcerating oral lesions, usually presents for many months prior to presenting clinically adjacent lymphadenopathy= immobile, nontender nodes usually >1 cm in diameter Macular degeneration thickening, sclerotic changes in retinal basement membrane complex painless vision changes including distortion of central vision fundoscopic exam- drusen (soft yellow deposits in the macular region) often visible risk factors
80% of all glaucoma Screening for open angle glaucoma screening with tonometry, assessment of visual fields angle-closure glaucoma Sudden increase in intraocular pressure Usually unilateral, acutely red, painful eye with visual change including halos around lights Eyeball is firm when compared to other Emergency Anosmia/hyposmia neural degeneration resulting in loss of smell and taste presbycusis age related hearing loss
loss of 8th cranial nerve sensitivity primary prevention immunizations, counseling about safety, injury and disease prevention preventing the health problem, the most cost-effective form of healthcare secondary prevention screening tests, such as BP check, mammo, colonoscopy detecting disease in early asymptomatic, or preclinical state to minimize its impact tertiary prevention in established disease, adjusting therapy to avoid further target organ damage. potentially viewed as a failure of primary prevention minimizing negative disease induced outcomes
Hep A contaminated food or water Live Vaccines MMR, Varicella, intranasal influenza- not given during pregnancy Rotavirus (oral)- not given with SCID harmless virus shed from stool in first weeks post vaccine- standard diaper hygiene and handwashing MMR dose 1- 12 months dose 2- 4-6 years Varicella dose 1- 12 months dose 2- 4-6 years
Rotavirus max age for 1st dose- 14 weeks 6 days max age for last dose- 8 months Stages of change precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance 5 A's of smoking cessation
