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ANCC CARDIAC VASCULAR CERTIFICATION EXAM
REVIEW QUESTION SET 1 2025-2026|QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS|LATEST UPDATE|A +RATED
Complications of HTN "retinopathy, coronary artery disease, MI, CHF, PVD, nephropathy, TIA/CVA","Don't forget what it does to the vascular system." HTN markers widening pulse pressure, Na sensitive, LV hypertropy, increase CVP, renal-30-200 microalbumin, GFR <60-90, CV-decrease cognition, dementia, vision loss Pulse Pressure (PP) systolic BP - diastolic BP force generated w each beat; 120/80= PP 40; normal 40-60; >60 = arterial stiffness end organ damage
Vascular damage in heart- HF/ ACS/aortic dissection/aneuysm, kidney, retina, or brain-enccphalopathy, pulmonary edema, pre eclampsia Systemic Atrial Blood Pressure CO, PVR, Baroreceptors, fluid volume, HTN->GFR > diuresis > RAAS, Low BP - stimulates RAAS HTN
- Normal BP = 120/
- PreHTN BP = 120-139/80-
- HTN = >140/>90; HTN emergency >180/ HTN x 3 BP readings averaged= Dx of HTN HTN Treatment Guidelines SBP key focus/ wide PP; 60yrs old tx > 150; <60 yrs 140/90 w DM/ CKD
HTN crisis 180/110; > risk of stroke; decrease end organ damage HTN management Lifestyle modification: weight reduction, eating plan, reduce sodium, physical activity 30- 45min walks, moderation of alcohol Resistant HTN definition high despite 3 agents, triple therapy combo- Ace/Arb, CCB, Tzd, aldactone/ loop diuretic; NO ACE/ARBS in pregnancy Beta Blocker- end in 'OLOL' (slow HR & < BP)
bradycardia- hold if HR<60& SBP <100/ HF/ ED/ fatigue/ depression, avoid w COPD, Heart Block, masks hypoglycemia, >orthostatic BP
ACE- end in 'PRIL' lisinopril (blocks RAAS) s/e- angioedema-worse in blacks, dry cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension, RF, do not take K+suppl, wean off only, take 1hr before meals alpha blockers- end in "OSIN" doxazosin s/e orthostatic bp, tachy, ED, first dose syncope, avoid in elderly and liver issues TZD -good/cheap s/e- hypokalemia, ED, <Na, > risk gout, avoid w RF, > lithium absorption, > photosensitivity ARBS END IN 'SARTAN' losartan (block aldosterone and angiotension receptors)- if dry cough w ACE- use ARBs instead Loop Diuretics
HTN medicaton tx goals w co existing diseases HTN w DM- goal <140/90 first use ACE/ARB <RF; HTN w RF-goal <140/90 - <Na, first use ACE; post MI goal- first use BB; HF- first use ACE & alpha blockers
