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TERM 1
hydrolysis
DEFINITION 1 Hydrolysis usually means the cleavage of chemical bonds by the addition of water. Where a carbohydrate is broken into its component sugar molecules by hydrolysis (e.g. TERM 2
coenzyme
DEFINITION 2 A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound that is required for the protein's biological activity. These proteins are commonly enzymes, and cofactors can be considered "helper molecules" that assist in biochemical transformations. TERM 3
carboxylation
DEFINITION 3 Carboxylation in chemistry is a chemical reaction in which a carboxylic acid group is introduced in a substrate. TERM 4
catabolism
DEFINITION 4 Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units to release energy. TERM 5
mastication
DEFINITION 5 Mastication or chewing is the process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth. It is the first step of digestion, and it increases the surface area of foods to allow more efficient break down by enzymes.
TERM 6
amylase
DEFINITION 6 Amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into sugars. Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. TERM 7
pepsin
DEFINITION 7 Pepsin is an enzyme whose zymogen is released by the chief cells in the stomach and that degrades food proteins into peptides. TERM 8
pepsinogen
DEFINITION 8 Pepsin is an enzyme whose zymogen is released by the chief cells in the stomach and that degrades food proteins into peptides. TERM 9
deglutition
DEFINITION 9 Swallowing, sometimes called deglutition in scientific contexts, is the process in the human or animal body that makes something pass from the mouth, to the pharynx, and into the esophagus, while shutting the epiglottis. TERM 10
bolus
DEFINITION 10 In digestion, a bolus (from Latin bolus, "ball") is a mass of food that (with animals that can chew) has been chewed at the point of swallowing.
