Anatomy of the bones of the crane and face, Study notes of Anatomy

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AXIAL SKELETON: BONES OF

THE CRANIUM AND FACE

Lecture 2

The Skeleton

• SKELETON

• 206 bones total
• 2 categories:
  • Axial (skull, vertebral column, & thoracic cage)
  • Appendicular (UE, LE, Pelvic Girdle)

Cranium

• Encloses and protects the brain
• Provides attachment for muscles of the scalp, lower jaw, neck and back Consists of 8 bones:
  • Frontal - Temporal (2)
  • Parietal (2) - Sphenoid
  • Occipital - Ethmoid

Helpful Definitions…

• Fissure : narrow slit/deep sulcus
• Foramen : opening through bone/membrane
• Fossa : shallow depression (cavity)
• Sulcus: groove
• Meatus : tubelike opening, passage or canal
• Process : projection
• Condyle : round protuberance

Frontal Sinus

Parietal Bones “Wall”

• Form lateral aspect of cranium
• Join on top of the skull (sagittal suture)
• Unite with the frontal bone (coronal suture)
• Unite with the occipital bone (lambdoidal suture)

Occipital Bone

• Forms posterior wall and floor of cranium
• Meets parietal bone at lambdoidal suture
• Foramen magnum
• Occipital condyles
• Hypoglossal canal
• Superior and Inferior nuchal lines
• External occipital protuberance

Occipital bone

Fontanels

Temporal Bone

• Below parietal bones
• Unite with parietal bones at squamosal suture
• External auditory meatus
• Mandibular fossa
• Zygomatic process
• Styloid process
• Mastoid process
• Stylomastoid foramen

Temporal bone

Sphenoid bone

• “Butterfly” shaped bone
• Forms lower lat. wall of cranium, part of floor of cranium and post wall of orbit
• Greater / lesser wings
• Sella Turcica “turkish saddle”
• Foramen Rotundum
• Foramen Ovale
• Foramen Spinosum

Sphenoid Bone

Sphenoid Bone