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ANATOMY IUPUI FINAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS (WELL VERIFIED) ALREADY GRADED, Exams of Nursing

ANATOMY IUPUI FINAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS (WELL VERIFIED) ALREADY GRADED A+

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ANATOMY IUPUI FINAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS &
CORRECT ANSWERS (WELL VERIFIED) ALREADY GRADED
A+
Anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER >>>the study of the external and internal structures of the
body and the physical relationships between body parts
Physiology - CORRECT ANSWER >>>study of the functions of bodily structures`
Microscopic Anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER >>>study of structures that cannot be seen
without magnification
Cytology and Histology - CORRECT ANSWER >>>types of microscopic anatomy
Cytology - CORRECT ANSWER >>>analyzes the internal structure of cells, the smallest units
of life
Histology - CORRECT ANSWER >>>study of tissues
Tissues - CORRECT ANSWER >>>groups of specialized cells aneed cell products that work
together and perform specific funtions
Epithelial, connective, muscle and neural - CORRECT ANSWER >>>4 types of tissues Organ -
CORRECT ANSWER >>>Anatomical structure that has multiple functions. Ex.
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Download ANATOMY IUPUI FINAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS (WELL VERIFIED) ALREADY GRADED and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

ANATOMY IUPUI FINAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS &

CORRECT ANSWERS (WELL VERIFIED) ALREADY GRADED

A+

Anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER >>> the study of the external and internal structures of the

body and the physical relationships between body parts

Physiology - CORRECT ANSWER >>> study of the functions of bodily structures`

Microscopic Anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER >>> study of structures that cannot be seen

without magnification

Cytology and Histology - CORRECT ANSWER >>> types of microscopic anatomy

Cytology - CORRECT ANSWER >>> analyzes the internal structure of cells, the smallest units

of life

Histology - CORRECT ANSWER >>> study of tissues

Tissues - CORRECT ANSWER >>> groups of specialized cells aneed cell products that work

together and perform specific funtions

Epithelial, connective, muscle and neural - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 4 types of tissues Organ -

CORRECT ANSWER >>> Anatomical structure that has multiple functions. Ex.

heart, kidney

Gross Anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Study of structures that can be seen with the naked

eye

Surface Anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER >>> the study of general anatomical form, or

morphology

Regional anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER >>> study of the superficial and internal features in a

specific area of the body, such as the head, neck or trunk.

Systemic Anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER >>> the study of anatomy based upon the body's

organ systems

Organ System - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Group of organs that function together to produce

coordinated effects. Ex. Heart, blood and blood vessels form the cardiovascular system, which distributes oxygen and nutrients throughout the body

Developmental Anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER >>> studies the changes in form that take

place between conception and physical maturity. Involves both microscopic and gross anatomy

Embryology - CORRECT ANSWER >>> study of early developmental processes

Comparative Anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER >>> studies the anatomical organization of

different types of animals

Tissue Level - CORRECT ANSWER >>> similar types of cells, with a common function,

combine to form tissues; four primary tissue types comprise all organs of the human body

Organ Level - CORRECT ANSWER >>> more than one tissue type (often all four tissues)

combine to form organs; extremely complex physiological processes occur at this level

Organ System Level - CORRECT ANSWER >>> organs that work closely together combine to

form an organ system, to accomplish a common purpose; there are 11 organ systems of the human body

Human Organism - CORRECT ANSWER >>> the highest level of structural organization; this is

the combination of all the organ systems functioning together to sustain the life of the organism Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory,

Digestive, Urinary and Reproductive - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The 11 Organ Systems

integumentary system - CORRECT ANSWER >>> protects against environmental hazards;

helps control body temperature. Hair follicles, nails, sweat glands, oil glands

Skeletal System - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Supports and protects soft tissues; stores minerals;

forms blood.

Muscular System - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Provides movement and support; generates heat;

maintains posture

Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER >>> control center of the body, which directs

immediate responses to stimuli and coordinates the other organ systems; i.e. responds to internal and external stimuli by activating appropriate muscles and glands.

Endocrine System - CORRECT ANSWER >>> composed of glands that secrete different

types of hormone that affect almost every cell, organ and function of your body. It is essential in regulating growth and development, metabolism, as well as reproductive processes and mood. Directs long term changes in the activities of other organ systems

cardiovascular system - CORRECT ANSWER >>> comprised of the heart, blood vessels, and

blood to transport materials within the body. Distributes cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases

lymphatic system - CORRECT ANSWER >>> defends against infection and disease by housing

white blood cells that function in immunity; returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream

respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Delivers air to sites where gas exchange occurs

between the air and circulating blood; maintains constant supply of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide by delivering air to the lungs where gas exhange occurs at the alveoli

Digestive System - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Processes and digests food; absorbs nutrients;

stores energy reserves

Urinary System - CORRECT ANSWER >>> elimination of excess water, salts, and waste

products; control of pH; regulates blood pressure

reproductive system - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Produces sex cells and hormones for the

purpose of producing offspring

Antebrachium - CORRECT ANSWER >>> forearm

Carpus - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Wrist

Manus - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Hand

Pollicis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> thumb

Abdomen - CORRECT ANSWER >>> abdominal region

Umbilicus - CORRECT ANSWER >>> navel/belly button

Pelvis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> pelvic region

Pubis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> anterior pelvis or genital region

Inguen - CORRECT ANSWER >>> groin

Lumbus - CORRECT ANSWER >>> lower back

Gluteus - CORRECT ANSWER >>> buttock region

Femur - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Thigh

Patella - CORRECT ANSWER >>> kneecap

Crus - CORRECT ANSWER >>> anterior leg; from knee to ankle Sura - CORRECT ANSWER

>>> posterior; calf of leg

Tarsus - CORRECT ANSWER >>> ankle

Pes - CORRECT ANSWER >>> foot (pedals of bike)

Planta - CORRECT ANSWER >>> the bottom of the foot, sole

Hallucis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> great toe or big toe

Frontal plane, sagittal plane and transverse plane - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Body Planes

Frontal Plane - CORRECT ANSWER >>> divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

Sagittal plane - CORRECT ANSWER >>> divides the body into a right and left side

Transverse Plane - CORRECT ANSWER >>> lies at right angles to the frontal and sagittal

planes.

Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The route through which substances (only very small

molecules) can enter the body, dependent upon catabolic reactions

Adaptability - CORRECT ANSWER >>> long-term responsiveness

Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER >>> the change in living organisms that allow them to live

successfully in an environment

differentation - CORRECT ANSWER >>> process in which cells become specialized in

structure and function

Excretion - CORRECT ANSWER >>> the process of removing wastes from the body

Growth - CORRECT ANSWER >>> refers to an increase in some quantity over time, often due

to an increase in the size/number of cells

Supine - CORRECT ANSWER >>> patient is lying down with face up

Prone - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Patient is lying face down

Responsiveness - CORRECT ANSWER >>> the ability of an organism to change activity or

functioning based upon the application of a stimulus; also referred to as irritability Cells are the structural building blocks of all plants and animals Cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells

Cells are the smallest structural units that perform all vital function -^ CORRECT ANSWER

>>> Cell Theory

Sex cells - CORRECT ANSWER >>> egg and sperm

Peripheral Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER >>> attached to the membrane but can separate

from it

Channels - CORRECT ANSWER >>> allow water and ions to move across the membrane

Gated Channels - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens

or closes in response to a particular stimulus.

Microvilli - CORRECT ANSWER >>> tiny fingerlike projections that increase the cell's surface

area for , secretion and cellular adhesion

Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER >>> net movement of material from an area of high

concentration to an area of low concentration; occurs until equilibrium is achieved

Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> net movement of a solvent (frequently water) across a

semi permeable membrane, from a solution of low solute concentration to a solution with high solute concentration

facilitated diffusion (facilitated transport) - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a process of diffusion; a

form of passive transport facilitated by the presence of transport proteins

Active Membrane Processes - CORRECT ANSWER >>> mediated processes of moving

molecules and other substances across the cell membrane, often requiring energy in the form of ATP

active transport - CORRECT ANSWER >>> energy dependent (require ATP) and independent

of concentration gradient

endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> process where cells absorb material from the outside

by engulfing it with their cell membrane

Phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> cell eating; process by which cells ingest large objects,

such as bacteria or visurses

receptor-mediated endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a more specific active event where

the cytoplasm membrane folds inward to form coated pits

Pinocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> cell drinking; uptake of solutes and single molecules

such as proteins

Cytoplasm, Organelles and inclusions - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The cytoplasm consists of 3

major elements

cytosol - CORRECT ANSWER >>> an intracellular fluid that contains dissolved solutes, and

surrounds the cellular organs

organelles - CORRECT ANSWER >>> specialized subunits within a cell that has special

function

Nucleous, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Lysosomes, peroxisomes -

CORRECT ANSWER >>> Membranous Organelles

Ribosomes, Cytoskeleton, Thick Filaments, Centrioles - CORRECT ANSWER

>>> Nonmembranous Organelles

Lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER >>> spherical, membrane walled sacs that contain digestive

enzymes Function: digesting unwanted substances, such as excess or worn out organelles, food particles and engulfed virus or bacteria `

Peroxisomes - CORRECT ANSWER >>> smaller, membrane-walled sacs that contain enzymes,

especially oxidases and catalases, Function: removing toxic peroxides from the body

Peroxide - CORRECT ANSWER >>> compound that contains an oxygen-oxygen single bond

Membranous Organelles - CORRECT ANSWER >>> separately enclosed within their own lipid

membranes that isolate them form cytosol

Non-Membranous Organelles - CORRECT ANSWER >>> not enclosed within their own lipid

membranes; hence they are always exposed to the cytosol

Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER >>> complexes of tow subunits function as the site of

protein synthesis; two types found cell

Free Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Ribosomes that are located within the cytosol

fixed ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Ribsomes that are bound to the ER

Microtubules - CORRECT ANSWER >>> composed of tubulin

Function: the main support of the cell; allow organelle movement; function during cell division in moving and separating DNA strands

Microfilaments - CORRECT ANSWER >>> mainly composed of thin strands of the actin

protein

Intermediate filaments - CORRECT ANSWER >>> function in providing strength, stabilization

of the organelles, and transport of materials within the cytoplasm

Thick Filaments - CORRECT ANSWER >>> mainly composed of the protein myosin; produce

movement with the action of actin

Centrioles - CORRECT ANSWER >>> long,barrel shapes microtubules that radiate from the

centrosome in non-dividing cells Function: Direct the movement of chromosomes during cell divisions. Form the bases of cilia and flagella

Cilia - CORRECT ANSWER >>> microtubules containing tail-like projections that are anchored

by a basal body Function: Movement of fluids or secretions across the cell surface by beating rhythmically

Flagellum - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a whip like projection that functions in moving a cell

through surrounding fluid Found only in sperm

Microvilli - CORRECT ANSWER >>> tiny fingerlike projections that increase the cell's surface

area for absorption

Cell Division - CORRECT ANSWER >>> series of events that take place in an eukaryotic

(nucleated) cell, leading to its replication; divided into 2 brief stages

Interphase (Mitosis) - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The mitosis phases is divided into G1, S, G

Interpase: G1 - CORRECT ANSWER >>> cells are metabolically active, make proteins rapidly,

and grow vigorously

Interphase: S - CORRECT ANSWER >>> DNA replicates itself

Interphase: G2 - CORRECT ANSWER >>> final part of interphase where enzymes needed for

cell division are synthesized

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Order of

mitosis

Mitosis or Cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> division of the mother cell into two daughter

cells, genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell

Prophase (stage 1) - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Chromatin threads coil and condense, forming

two identical chromatin threads, now called chromatids Chromatids are held together by a small buttonlike body called centromere and cohesin Nucleoli disapeear as chromosomes appear Mitotic Spindle forms between the centriole pairs The nuclear envelope fragments and begins to be dispersed to the ER

Metaphase (Stage 2) - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Centromeres precisely align at the equator

(exact center) of the spindle Meet in the Middle

Anaphase (Stage 3) - CORRECT ANSWER >>> shortest stage of mitosis

Begins abruptly as the chromatid pairs separate and each chromatid now becomes a chromosome in its own right The V shaped daughter chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the cell

Telophase (Stage 4) - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Begins as soon as chromosomal movement

stops Nuclear membranes form and the nuclei enlarge as the chromosomes begin to uncoil Nucleoli reappear and the nuclei resemble those of interphase cells

Cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> completes the division of the cell into 2 daughter cells

Occurs as a contractile ring of peripheral microfilaments forms at the cleavage furrow and squeezes the cells apart

Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue -^ CORRECT ANSWER

>>> Four primary tissue types

Epithlium/Epithelia - CORRECT ANSWER >>> sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines

a body cavity Function: protection, sensory reception, secretion, absorption and ion transport Cellularity: epithelia is composed of abundant densely packed cells and very little extracellular material