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BIOL 105
Lecture Outline Chapter 15ͶUrinary System Read Chapter 15 (pp. 517-‐543) Complete review questions (pp. 541-‐542Ϳη͛Ɛ͗ 2-‐5, 9-‐14, 16-‐18, 24 The Urinary System The urinary system removes ______________________ from the body Consists of: Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra The urinary system functions to: Remove ______________________ wastes from the bloodstream ______________________ formation o Maintains water and electrolyte concentrations o Regulates pH and volume of body fluids Control __________ production o Kidneys secrete __________________________________ Regulate ____________________________________________ o Kidneys secrete ______________________ Kidneys Reddish-‐brown, bean-‐shaped organs Positioned _______________________________________ on either side of the vertebral column Between _____ and _____ _________________ kidney sits slightly higher than the _________________ Surrounded by ______________________ and ______________________ tissues
Kidney structure Lateral surface is ______________________, medial surface is ______________________ Medial depression leads to the hollow ____________________________________ o Blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and the ureter enter the kidney
Superior end of the ureter forms the ____________________________________ within the renal sinus o Divided into major and minor calyces (tubes); small renal papillae project into each minor calyx Two distinct regions within the kidney:
- Renal ______________________: renal pyramids; appears striated
- Renal ______________________: contains the nephrons Renal Blood Vessels Renal arteries Carry O o Branch into smaller diameter arteries and arterioles 2 -‐rich blood from the abdominal _________________ into the kidneys
o ______________________ arterioles lead to the ______________________ Renal veins Move Oin the abdominal cavity 2 -‐poor blood from the kidneys into the _________________________________
Nephrons Each kidney contains ~1 million nephrons Each nephrons consists of: ____________________________________ ( filtering portion of the nephron ) o ______________________: ball of capillaries o _______________________________________: receives the filtrate ____________________________________ o Leads away from the glomerular capsule
____________________________________________ of the blood moves substances via filtration through the walls of the glomerular capillaries o ____________________________________________ of the blood resists filtration Filtration rate is influenced by: ___________________________ of afferent and efferent arterioles Plasma colloid ______________________ pressure Filtration rate is regulated by:
- Impulses from the ________________________________ nervous system __________ blood pressure/blood volume Æ afferent arterioles ___________________ o Glomerular filtration rate ___________________ Æ body conserves water
- Renin-‐angiotensin system Regulates ______________________ excretion o Secretion of rennin initiates a cascade of reactions resulting in the production of
___________________________; increased ADH and aldosterone secretion Tubular Reabsorption Substances in the glomerular filtrate are returned to the ___________________________ Diffuse out of the renal tubule into the peritubular capillaries Most reabsorption occurs in the ______________________ convoluted tubule Transport mechanisms for reabsorption of filtrate: Passive o Move from ______________ Æ ______________ concentrations o ______________________ convoluted tubule (high) Æ ____________________________________________ (low)
Active o Requires ________; move from ______________ Æ ______________ concentrations i.e. reabsorption of glucose Segments of the renal tubule are adapted to absorb specific substances:
o Occurs passively by osmosis o Proximal convoluted tubule ______________________ o Active transport; pumped out of the renal tubule (70% PCT) As sodium ions move, negatively charged ions follow As a result, the concentration of solute in the peritubular capillariesincreases Water follows via osmosis Remember tonicity and osmosis ʹ water moves from an area of
low Æ high solute!
Tubular Secretion Substances in the ______________________ are returned to the ________________________ Substances move from the ________________________________ into the
Occurs in the ______________________ convoluted tubule and collecting duct ______________________ transport Requires ATP; moves from low Æ high concentrations Secretion of H +^ ions helps maintain blood pH Urine Composition & Volume 95% ______________________; contains urea , uric acid and trace amounts of amino acids and electrolytes Volume Typically ______________________ liters (L) per day
Composed of transitional epithelium and connective tissue Micturition Expels urine from the urinary bladder As the bladder fills with urine the walls ______________________ Stimulates ______________________ receptorsreflex center (spinal cord) Æ impulses sent to the micturition
___________________________ impulses are sent to the detrusor muscle o Contraction of the detrusor muscle prevents the bladder from emptying The ____________________________________________ is composed of skeletal muscle (voluntary) o External urethral sphincter relaxes Æ urine moves from the urinary bladder to the outside via the urethra
